Since April, the activity levels of influenza virus and rhinovirus have been on the rise. "At a press conference held by the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention on April 22, Xi Jingjing, spokesperson and deputy director of the Comprehensive Department of the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, reminded the public that the May Day holiday is approaching, and personnel mobility and gatherings will increase significantly. It is necessary to pay attention to and prevent mosquito borne infectious diseases such as dengue fever and chikungunya fever, as well as intestinal infectious diseases such as norovirus infection and hand foot mouth disease. Vaccination is the most effective and economical means of preventing, controlling diseases, and protecting public health. The vaccination coverage rate of the national immunization program for school-age children in China has remained above 90%, and the incidence rate of infectious diseases targeted by measles, rubella, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, encephalitis B, hepatitis A and other vaccines has dropped to a historical low level. But there are still many members of the public who hold attitudes such as "vaccine hesitancy", and some parents even believe that allowing their children to get sick once and produce natural antibodies is more long-lasting than getting vaccinated. This approach is not advisable. ”Yu Wenzhou, chief physician of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, frankly stated that this viewpoint is formed because there is little knowledge about the working principle of vaccines. He explained that vaccination is achieved by administering pathogen components that have been specially processed, lost, or weakened in toxicity, allowing the immune system to recognize the "enemy" in advance without causing disease. If there is no vaccination, the immune system is unprepared for emergency response, and the consequences may be uncontrollable. For example, in the past, there was no vaccine, and a large number of children contracted measles. In addition to fever and rash, they also developed pneumonia and encephalitis. Even if some infectious diseases develop immunity after infection, the health cost they bear is still significant, and they may face disability or life-threatening situations. ”Yu Wenzhou said that to enable the immune system to learn the ability to respond quickly and defend accurately, vaccination is necessary. After two doses of vaccination according to the immunization procedure, the reported incidence rate of measles in China has dropped to about 1 per million. Due to the possibility of illness caused by vaccination, some people believe that vaccination is not effective. Regarding this, Yu Wenzhou stated that it is necessary to scientifically understand the effectiveness of vaccines and attach importance to their effectiveness in preventing severe illness and death. Studies both domestically and internationally have shown that receiving influenza vaccines in kindergartens and schools can reduce the outbreak of influenza epidemics. Vaccinating the elderly and those with chronic underlying diseases with influenza vaccines can significantly reduce the incidence of severe illness and death after infection. In response to some parents' lack of understanding about the need to receive vaccines according to the national immunization plan, Feng Zijian, a member of the National Immunization Plan Expert Advisory Committee and a professor at the School of Public Health and Emergency Management of Southern University of Science and Technology, responded that the vaccination program determined by the national immunization plan is based on factors such as the immune function development characteristics of different age groups, disease exposure and infection risks, and the immunological characteristics of specific vaccines. A large amount of rigorous scientific research has been conducted to form the optimal protection plan. The choice of administering the first dose of measles vaccine to infants at the age of eight is not only to provide timely protection for children, but also to minimize immune interference from fetal antibodies. ”Feng Zijian said that the timing of the first dose, number of doses, and interval between doses of other vaccines are also determined based on scientific research evidence and after careful and rigorous deliberation by the National Immunization Program Expert Advisory Committee. April 25th this year is the 40th National Children's Vaccination Day. In order to provide safe vaccination services for special needs children, under the guidance of national regulations, multiple medical institutions have opened children's vaccination assessment clinics, specializing in providing personalized vaccination assessment plans for children with special health conditions such as premature birth, low birth weight, congenital heart disease, and allergic diseases. Xi Jingjing stated that China has been promoting the construction of a full lifecycle vaccine protection system in response to the new situation and challenges of infectious disease prevention and control, continuously optimizing and adjusting national immunization planning strategies, refining convenient and beneficial service measures, improving the quality of vaccination work, and advancing disease prevention and control. (New Society)