As the temperature warms up and everything recovers, it is a good time for everyone to step out of their homes and exercise. But as spring turns warm and cold, the human blood vessels and heart function have not fully adapted to temperature fluctuations. With a sudden increase in exercise, the heart load suddenly increases, and the risk of sudden cardiac death significantly increases. So, how to prevent it and how to provide emergency treatment? According to experts, the number of sudden death in China is more than 540000 every year, and more than 70% of patients are sudden cardiac death. The core cause of sudden cardiac death is heart disease, and about 80% of sudden cardiac death is related to coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Li Haiyang, Deputy Director of the Department of Cardiology and Chief Physician at Beijing Anzhen Hospital: Common factors leading to sudden cardiac death include underlying heart disease issues, such as coronary heart disease, structural heart disease, or some congenital heart disease. Although the patient's cardiovascular problems are not significant, they may have some excessive obesity and a relatively high BMI (body mass index), making them one of the high-risk groups. If hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia are not taken seriously, they can become high-risk groups for sudden cardiac death over time. Preventing sudden cardiac death is very important. Cardiovascular screening is not exclusive to middle-aged and elderly people. The age of onset in clinical practice has decreased from over 50 years old to around 35 years old. The early symptoms of sudden cardiac death are insidious and the onset is urgent. Experts suggest that many young adults and sports enthusiasts should not blindly exercise, which can cause heart overload and increase the probability of sudden cardiac death. Regular cardiovascular screening is very necessary, and different age groups can choose different examination items. Li Haiyang, Vice President of Beijing Anzhen Hospital and Chief Physician of the Department of Cardiology: For those under 40 years old who do not have any unhealthy lifestyle habits or serious overweight, having an electrocardiogram and a cardiac ultrasound examination every year is basically enough. For those over 40 years old who have some unhealthy lifestyle habits, in addition to electrocardiogram and ultrasound examinations, coronary CTA (coronary CT angiography) can be performed in the outpatient department. For those with particularly serious problems detected by coronary CTA, coronary angiography may also be necessary. It is also recommended to observe one's blood sugar level and blood lipids, especially low-density lipoprotein. It is best to measure blood pressure once a day. Protecting the heart starts with understanding heart rate. Experts explain that heart rate can reflect the working and health status of the heart. Under normal circumstances, the heart rate of adults in a quiet state is generally between 60 and 100 beats per minute. For sports enthusiasts, understanding their heart rate changes is particularly important. Li Haiyang, Deputy Director of the Department of Cardiology at Beijing Anzhen Hospital: One way to remind oneself is to subtract your age from 220. For example, if you are 40 years old, subtracting 220 from it will result in 180 beats per minute. This means that your maximum heart rate during exercise is 180 beats per minute, but you cannot always reach it. It is generally recommended to multiply the maximum heart rate by 60% to 80%. If the heart rate is within this range, do not always try to exceed the maximum heart rate, as it is very dangerous. Experts remind that in addition to heart rate during exercise, it is also important to pay attention to changes in resting heart rate in daily life. Resting heart rate refers to the number of heartbeats per minute in a quiet and awake state. If the resting heart rate suddenly increases or decreases, it may indicate an abnormal condition in the body. Timely attention and inspection are required. Seize the golden 4-minute first aid AED usage method: Remember to seize the golden 4-minute first aid for sudden cardiac death. Within 4 minutes, the first aid work should be carried out in an orderly manner. Once it exceeds 4 minutes, the mortality rate increases by 10% for every minute it exceeds. Li Yamin, Deputy Chief Physician of the Emergency and Critical Care Center at Beijing Anzhen Hospital: When evaluating, the first step is to open this area next to the Adam's apple to touch the carotid artery, and at the same time, check if the patient is in a state of respiratory arrest. When performing rescue, the usual procedure is chest compressions, where the palms are placed on top of each other, with the base of the palms placed in the center of the chest. The depth of the compressions should reach 5 centimeters, and the frequency of compressions should be 100 to 120 times per minute. At this time, the shoulders and hands should be pressed vertically downwards, usually 30 times. After 30 times, the airway should be opened. Before opening the airway, it is necessary to assess whether the patient has any oral or pharyngeal foreign bodies and clean them up. After clearing the oropharyngeal foreign body, open the airway and use the head up chin lifting method. Press one palm on his forehead and use the other palm to help him lift his jaw. After opening the airway, perform two rounds of artificial respiration, with the entire mouth surrounding the patient's mouth to create a closed space for blowing air. Experts suggest that AED emergency treatment should be carried out immediately after the arrival of the AED automatic external defibrillator. Chen Zhi, Director of Emergency Training Department at Beijing Emergency Center: Once the AED arrives at the scene, we first let the AED work. After turning on, follow its prompts to operate. Once the AED is turned on, do not turn it off and continue to rescue it until professional personnel arrive at the scene. (New Society)