The rejuvenation of a nation requires strong material strength as well as strong spiritual strength. Spirit is the soul that a nation relies on for survival and development, and temperament is the external manifestation of a nation's character and character. The spiritual temperament reflects the background and atmosphere of the times, and also determines the future and destiny of the nation. The Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 15th Five Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development clearly states that we should "cultivate the spirit and temperament of the whole nation to be full of vigor and determination". This has provided important guidance and guidance for the prosperity and development of socialist culture, and the vigorous promotion of Chinese path to modernization in which material civilization and spiritual civilization are coordinated. The theoretical foundation for cultivating the spirit and spirit of the entire nation is the practical development of the Marxist mass historical perspective. Marx pointed out that "historical activities are the activities of the masses, and with the deepening of historical activities, it will inevitably lead to the expansion of the masses." The Marxist view of mass history scientifically reveals that the people, through unremitting struggle and infinite wisdom, have not only created abundant material wealth and laid a solid material foundation for social progress in the long river of history, but also nurtured brilliant spiritual culture, becoming an inexhaustible driving force for promoting comprehensive social development. Nurturing the spirit of the entire nation's high spirits and determination is a vivid practice of the Marxist perspective on the masses. It means constantly stimulating the historical initiative of the people in the great practice of the new era, and transforming it into a powerful spiritual force for the comprehensive construction of a socialist modernized country. Nurturing the spirit of the entire nation's high spirits and determination is a contemporary expression of the inherent vitality and continuity of Chinese civilization. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "Chinese civilization continues to develop through inheritance and innovation, constantly sublimates in response to changes, and accumulates the deepest spiritual pursuit of the Chinese nation. It is a rich nourishment for the continuous growth and development of the Chinese nation." Chinese civilization has lasted for thousands of years, always adhering to the spirit of struggle of "the heavens are strong, and gentlemen strive for self-improvement", the innovative consciousness of "striving for daily renewal, daily renewal, and daily renewal", the patriotism of "the rise and fall of the world is the responsibility of every man", and the people-oriented ideology of "the people are the foundation of the country, and the foundation is solid and peaceful". These spiritual traits are deeply rooted in the cultural genes of the Chinese nation, and have become a powerful spiritual support for the Chinese nation to stand firm through hardships, and to thrive through vicissitudes. To cultivate the spirit and temperament of the whole nation, we need to deeply explore and inherit these spiritual traits in Chinese civilization, so that they can radiate new vitality and energy in the new era, and become the internal driving force for the continuous progress of the Chinese nation. The cultivation of this spiritual temperament is a profound reflection of the pursuit of the spirit of the Chinese nation, inspiring every Chinese child to move forward courageously and strive unremittingly on the journey of the new era. Nurturing the spirit of the entire nation's high spirits and determination is an inevitable requirement for achieving common prosperity in the spiritual life of all people. The CPC has always taken the people's yearning for a better life as its goal, and is committed to meeting the people's growing needs for a better life, especially the diversified and high-quality needs in ideology, value orientation, moral pursuit and aesthetic taste, so as to guide people to establish a correct view of history, nationality, country and culture. To cultivate the spirit and temperament of the whole nation, we must constantly stimulate the spiritual vitality and creative enthusiasm of the people in the great practice of the new era, enrich the spiritual world of the people, enhance the spiritual realm of the people, strengthen the spiritual strength of the people, so that the people can jointly shape and demonstrate the upward spirit of the Chinese nation in the process of pursuing their personal dreams, and promote the formation of a positive and proactive atmosphere in the whole society, laying a solid foundation for achieving common prosperity in the spiritual life of all people. The core requirement for cultivating the spirit of the whole nation's high spirits and determination is to inspire the Chinese nation's spirit of unity, struggle, and overcoming difficulties. Aspiration is the spiritual pillar that drives the whole nation to move forward with high spirits and courage. The reason why the Chinese nation has been able to withstand storms and persevere in the historical process is precisely because of this spirit of unity, struggle, and overcoming difficulties. Boosting morale means continuing to inherit and promote the fine tradition of unity and struggle of the Chinese nation in the new era, cultivating the courage to face difficulties, gathering the wisdom and strength of the entire nation, jointly responding to various risks and challenges, bravely facing and solving various difficulties on the development path, and continuously promoting economic and social progress and development. Unity and struggle require individuals to transcend local interests, gather consensus under the guidance of common ideals, achieve resource integration and power convergence, and effectively respond to structural challenges in economic and social development. Showcasing the Chinese nation's spirit of self-reliance, self-improvement, and fearlessness in the face of difficulties. Bone spirit is the spiritual backbone that supports a nation to stand firm and move forward with confidence. Since ancient times, the Chinese nation has been renowned for its self-reliance and fearlessness in the face of difficulties, and this spirit is deeply engraved in the bloodline of the nation. The self-reliance and self-improvement of the Chinese nation lies in not relying on external forces, rejecting the idea of dependence, but relying on its own struggle to achieve national rejuvenation, and maintaining strategic determination in the ever-changing international environment. This kind of backbone is reflected in the perseverance and resilience in the face of external pressure and risk challenges, as well as the high historical patience and high spirit of struggle of the Chinese nation in the face of uncertainty. To demonstrate this backbone is to continue to promote the spirit and tradition of self-reliance and self-improvement of the Chinese nation in the new era, without relying on or waiting, relying on one's own wisdom and strength to create a better future. At the same time, we must have the courage to face various difficulties and obstacles, without fear or retreat, and overcome all difficulties with firm beliefs and tenacious perseverance, demonstrating the heroic spirit of the Chinese nation's indomitable spirit and courage to move forward. Enhance the confidence of the Chinese nation to calmly and courageously stand at the forefront. Confidence is the solid foundation of national confidence and strength, and the powerful support for a nation to steadily move forward and lead development in the tide of the times. A nation with profound confidence can maintain composure and confidence in international competition, and stand at the forefront of the times' changes. The confidence of the Chinese nation comes from its long historical and cultural heritage, strong economic strength, and solid technological foundation. The long historical and cultural heritage has endowed the Chinese nation with rich wisdom and experience, providing a profound cultural foundation for addressing various challenges. The strong economic strength provides a solid material foundation for the development of the country, giving the Chinese nation more voice and influence on the international stage. A solid technological foundation is a key force in promoting national innovation and development, enabling the Chinese nation to take the lead in the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation. Enhancing confidence means continuing to strengthen socialist cultural construction in the new era, inheriting and promoting excellent traditional Chinese culture, vigorously developing the economy, enhancing the comprehensive strength of the country, strengthening scientific and technological innovation, mastering more core technologies, and making the Chinese nation more confident and courageous in the tide of the times. The practical path to cultivate the spirit of the whole nation's high spirits and determination is to refine the soul through theory, learn and understand the innovative theories of the Party, and master the Marxist standpoint, viewpoint, and methods. Theory is the forerunner of action, and thought is the banner of progress. The innovative theory of the Party is the latest achievement of the sinicization and modernization of Marxism, and it is the action guide for the whole Party and the people of the country to strive for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. To understand and implement the innovative theory of the Party, the first and foremost step is to master the Marxist stance, viewpoints, and methods. This is a powerful ideological weapon for the entire Party, the people of all ethnic groups in the country to understand and transform the world. Through in-depth study of the Party's innovation theory, we can more clearly grasp the pulse of the times, more accurately judge the historical position, and more firmly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the process of theoretical refinement, attention should be paid to transforming learning outcomes into practical actions, achieving the integration of learning, thinking, and application, and the unity of knowledge, belief, and action, so that the Party's innovative theories can play a greater role in guiding practice and promoting work. To establish oneself through the influence of the atmosphere, to coordinate the construction of urban and rural spiritual civilization, and to promote the integration of socialist core values into all aspects of social development. Atmosphere is the external manifestation of a nation's spiritual temperament, and a good social atmosphere can nourish people's hearts and gather strength. Coordinating the construction of spiritual civilization in urban and rural areas, promoting the deepening and implementation of civilization cultivation, practice, and creation, is an important measure to cultivate the high spirited and enterprising spirit of the entire nation. In cities, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of public cultural facilities, enrich the cultural life of the masses, enhance the cultural literacy and aesthetic level of citizens, and stimulate their longing and pursuit for a better life. In rural areas, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of rural spiritual civilization, promote excellent traditional Chinese culture, cultivate civilized rural customs, good family traditions, and simple folk customs, and enhance the level of civilization in rural society. Promoting the integration of socialist core values into all aspects of social development is the key to nurturing the spirit and temperament of the entire nation. Through practice, forge ahead and inspire the whole nation to overcome difficulties and forge ahead in various fields such as economy, society, and people's livelihood. Practice is the only criterion for testing truth and an important way to cultivate the spirit and temperament of the whole nation. In the economic field, we should encourage the whole nation to be brave in innovation and breakthrough, and resolutely promote high-quality development in the face of the dual pressures of international competition and domestic transformation and upgrading. By deepening reform and opening up, optimizing the business environment, stimulating market vitality and social creativity, enabling the people to reap more benefits in economic development, and enhancing their confidence and pride in national development. In the social field, we should guide the entire nation to actively participate in social governance, jointly build a harmonious and orderly social environment, and promote the formation of a social governance pattern of co construction, co governance, and sharing. By strengthening community building, volunteer services, public welfare and charity activities, we aim to enhance social cohesion and centripetal force, allowing the people to feel warmth and strength in social progress. Author: Wang Weiguo (Executive Dean and Professor of the School of Marxism, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)