At present, the development of China's controllable nuclear fusion industry has entered an important window period. At the same time, the development of the nuclear fusion industry also faces challenges in materials, talent, policies and regulations, "Yan Jianwen, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of Fusion New Energy (Anhui) Co., Ltd., said in an interview with Science and Technology Daily on March 9th. Controllable nuclear fusion, also known as "artificial sun", uses deuterium and tritium as fuels, and the reaction process is clean and safe. It is regarded as an important direction of the global energy revolution. In Yan Jianwen's view, since joining the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) program, China has achieved leapfrog development in the field of controllable nuclear fusion, especially in core technologies such as low-temperature superconductivity and high-strength steel, which have reached the world's leading level and entered the international "first echelon". The world record for the operation of highly confined mode plasma at "billions of degrees per thousand seconds" created by the All Superconducting Tokamak Nuclear Fusion Experiment (EAST) has become an important milestone. In terms of industrial development, Song Yuntao, secretary of the Party Committee and director of the Institute of Plasma Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, introduced that China's superconducting material production technology has become independent and controllable, accounting for about 70% of the global market share, and has also formed a national nuclear polymerization industry alliance. The core equipment has gradually achieved localization, and the commercialization is expected to be realized in 2040-2045. Despite the positive development momentum, the commercialization process of nuclear fusion still faces multiple obstacles. Yan Jianwen stated that in terms of material technology, continuous research and development are still needed in areas such as superconducting materials, gyrotrons, and low-temperature systems. The reliability and stability of materials need to be further improved, while production costs need to be reduced and product quality needs to be improved. There is still room for optimization in the performance of existing low-temperature superconducting materials, and high-temperature superconducting materials have become a key breakthrough direction in the future. Nuclear fusion is an interdisciplinary future industry, and there was a shortage of relevant professional talents in China before. ”Yan Jianwen said, "For example, the magnetic confinement controllable nuclear fusion reactor involves over 5 million components and more than ten disciplinary fields, and the problem of a shortage of professional talents is prominent." He also stated that the current nuclear fusion industry chain system, standard specifications, and engineering verification are not yet perfect, and legislation is urgently needed to clarify tritium management, fusion reactor site selection classification, and other aspects. The Atomic Energy Law has been implemented since January 2026, which explicitly includes controlled thermonuclear fusion in the direction of atomic energy research and development, but the supporting standards still need to be refined. He suggested that in the context of the lack of a unified standard globally, China should take the lead in standardization. It is reported that Lanzhou University established the School of Fusion Science and Engineering in December last year, and the School of Fusion Science and Engineering at Hefei University of Technology was also unveiled in January this year. Yan Jianwen predicts that in the future, about ten universities and colleges across the country will establish fusion related colleges to provide solid talent support for the development of fusion industry. Song Yuntao suggested accelerating the formulation of exclusive regulatory regulations for nuclear fusion power generation and optimizing the regulatory framework. To promote international cooperation and independent controllability, while participating in the ITER program, we should also promote the empowerment of key core technologies for industrial innovation and development, and promote the deep integration of innovation chain, industry chain, and talent chain. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the popularization and publicity of nuclear fusion safety. We should aim for the early commercialization of nuclear fusion, based on the transformation of scientific research paradigms and technological iteration development, reverse engineering nodes, accelerate the construction of engineering demonstration reactors, and enable the nuclear fusion industry to move towards commercialization through the integration and promotion of technological innovation and industrial innovation. ”Song Yuntao said. (New Society)