In the early stage of the Hemudu culture, our ancestors relied on mountains and faced the sea, with abundant resources. However, in the late stage, the Ningshao Plain had just taken shape, and the land conditions were not yet stable. At the same time, the Hangzhou Jiaxing Huzhou region had already formed a mature environment for rice cultivation development, and the Liangzhu culture came later as a result. Recently, the opening series of activities for the Ningbo Regional Civilization Exploration Project (Phase I) was held in Zhenhai District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province. Sun Guoping, a researcher at the Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, revealed the internal logic of the rise and fall of this prehistoric civilization during the "Hemudu and Liangzhu" dialogue activity. The Hemudu Site is located in Yuyao, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. It was discovered in 1973 and confirmed that the Yangtze River Basin is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization. In recent years, new discoveries represented by the Jingtoushan site have further promoted the exploration of prehistoric cultural origins in the Ningbo region. Sun Guoping introduced that in the early stage of the Hemudu culture, the ancestors lived in a superior environment where mountains and seas intersected. They not only mastered mature rice cultivation techniques, but also efficiently utilized marine resources. Fishing, hunting, and gathering economies played an important role. This mixed economy model of 'agriculture and fishing simultaneously' provided solid support for early prosperity. However, this coastal environment also laid the groundwork for later decline. In the late stage of the Hemudu culture, the Ningshao Plain gradually took shape, and the land conditions were still unstable, making it difficult to support the large-scale development of rice agriculture; During the same period, the Hangzhou Jiaxing Huzhou region already had mature conditions for rice cultivation development, and its agricultural production level surpassed that of the Ningshao region comprehensively. During the Liangzhu Culture period, when the ancient Liangzhu Kingdom shone brightly with its complex social forms in the Hangjiahu Plain, the main distribution area of the Hemudu Culture was relatively quiet in terms of social development. On the surface, the prehistoric culture of Ningbo did experience a stage of decline, but fundamentally, it was not the decline in the production capacity of our ancestors, but rather the timing of the formation of the Ningshao Plain, which was' not born at the right time '. ”Sun Guoping explained that the temporal differences in the formation of the two plains and the uneven development conditions of rice cultivation jointly determine the rise and fall of regional civilization. This cognitive update is based on recent archaeological discoveries and interdisciplinary research. Sun Guoping corrected the long-standing academic statement that "Hemudu culture is distributed in the Ningshao Plain" from an academic perspective. He pointed out that the Ningshao Plain did not gradually take shape until the transition between the late Hemudu Culture and the early Liangzhu Culture. This conclusion is supported by clear geological evidence: the cultural layer of the Hemudu site is no more than 4 meters above the current surface, while its direct source, the Jingtoushan site, is buried at a depth of 10 meters. Sun Guoping explained that the burial depth of the site directly reflects the height of the coastline at the time of its formation - during the Jingtoushan period, the sea level was relatively high, and the ancestors lived in a low-lying coastal environment. With thousands of years of sea retreat, land advance, and sedimentation, the strata continued to rise, and by the Hemudu period, the ground had risen to 4 meters below the current surface. This process of sedimentation and land formation that lasted for thousands of years proves that the Ningshao Plain gradually took shape during the late Hemudu Culture to the Liangzhu Culture period. Archaeological research has confirmed that the Jingtoushan site is not only the direct source of the Hemudu culture, but also an important starting point for the marine culture along the eastern coast of China. Sun Guoping stated that although the Hemudu culture is characterized by rice farming, its foundation is deeply rooted in maritime civilization. Ningbo is located in the middle of China's coastline, near the 30th parallel north. This unique location gives it superior conditions for the integration and coexistence of marine and agricultural civilizations. Based on the latest archaeological discoveries at the Wenxi site in Zhenhai, Ningbo, Sun Guoping has traced the regional prehistoric cultural context: the Wenxi site is located in the transitional zone between the Siming Mountains and the plain, and is an important settlement in the late Hemudu culture. Its discovery clearly witnesses the key process of the Ningshao Plain gradually forming from the coast to the land. Sun Guoping believes that a continuous and complete civilization evolution chain has been formed in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, from the ocean culture of Jingtoushan to the rice cultivation civilization of Hemudu, and then to the ancient country of Liangzhu. In the future, with the continuous deepening of archaeological work in Zhejiang, it is expected to advance the prehistoric cultural sequence of Ningbo to around ten thousand years ago, providing more detailed evidence for enriching the "diverse and integrated" pattern of the origin of Chinese civilization. (New Society)