Recently, the Bank for International Settlements released a report titled "The Economic Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Emerging Markets", which pointed out that the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on productivity and economic development varies significantly among different countries and regions, reflecting differences in the composition of the AI sector and the ability to adopt and deploy AI. At the same time, there is significant heterogeneity in the extent to which emerging economies benefit from AI. The report points out that AI readiness is a key factor determining whether a country can effectively deploy AI and benefit from it, mainly including digital infrastructure, skills, and institutional capabilities. In countries and regions with high AI readiness, AI technology can be more effectively applied and deployed, thereby amplifying its positive effects on productivity. For example, a well-developed digital infrastructure can reduce the application cost of AI, improve data transmission and processing efficiency, and the presence of highly skilled labor can accelerate the innovation and application of AI technology; In countries and regions with insufficient AI readiness, even if AI technology itself has potential, it may not be fully utilized due to outdated infrastructure, skill shortages, or regulatory deficiencies, and may even bring negative effects. The report points out that there are significant differences in AI readiness between emerging economies and developed economies. Some emerging economies in Asia and the Middle East have shown outstanding performance in digital infrastructure, but still have shortcomings in skills and institutional capabilities. This heterogeneity leads to different challenges faced by emerging economies in adopting and deploying AI technology, resulting in varying degrees of benefit. In the long run, the economic growth gap between different emerging economies will widen due to the impact of AI technology applications. Given the ongoing gap in AI readiness, the impact of AI driven productivity improvements on actual output may further widen cross-border disparities in the medium to long term. The report points out that AI technology will also bring profound changes to the industrial structure, and with the widespread application of AI technology, labor will be redistributed between industries. Among them, the construction and healthcare industries may benefit more, while mining and agriculture may face greater pressure to reduce employment. The report points out that in response to the weak AI readiness in developing countries, priority should be given to investing in digital infrastructure construction. By increasing investment in digital infrastructure such as 5G and cloud computing, network coverage and quality can be improved, network usage costs can be reduced, and solid hardware support can be provided for the popularization and application of AI technology. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out nationwide digital skills training, by providing targeted training courses for different age groups and occupational groups, to improve the digital literacy and AI skills of the entire population, and cultivate a high-quality workforce that meets the needs of the AI era. In addition, developing countries should also focus on improving the overall quality of education, strengthening science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education, cultivating innovative talents, and providing talent reserve guarantees for the research and application of AI technology. The report also attaches great importance to the importance of global cooperation. The report points out that it is necessary to break down technological and data barriers, strengthen resource sharing and cooperation on a global scale, promote the global dissemination and application of AI technology, and strive to enable all countries and regions to share the development dividends of the AI era. In addition, the international community should jointly establish inclusive mechanisms to ensure that developing countries are not marginalized in the development of AI technology. For example, through technology transfer, talent exchange, and other means, we can help developing countries improve their AI readiness, narrow the gap with developed countries, and achieve balanced and sustainable global AI development. (New Society)