Norovirus is one of the main pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis and the most common pathogen causing foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis. Norovirus generally has a high incidence from October to March of the following year, with cold season outbreaks being more common. The entire population is generally susceptible and can be repeatedly infected. Performance: Symptoms vary among different populations. After infection with Norovirus, the incubation period is usually 24-48 hours, ranging from as short as 12 hours to a maximum of 72 hours. Its typical symptoms include nausea, vomiting of stomach contents, non bloody watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and some patients may also experience fever, headache, and overall discomfort. It should be noted that there are differences in symptoms among different populations, and infants and young children who are infected are more likely to experience diarrhea, which is often accompanied by vomiting symptoms. The symptoms caused by norovirus often occur suddenly and can usually be relieved within 48-72 hours, but the detoxification time of the virus is relatively long. 1-3 days after onset is the peak period for detoxification, with about 50% of patients still excreting the virus after 1 week of onset. 26% of patients can detoxify for up to 3 weeks, with children and immunocompromised patients experiencing longer detoxification times. Transmission: Norovirus has various modes of transmission, and the secondary infection rate after exposure can reach up to 40%. Fecal oral transmission: transmitted through contaminated food, water, or hands. Aerosol transmission: When infected individuals frequently vomit or experience diarrhea, a large amount of virus carrying aerosols are produced. Close contacts only need to inhale 10-100 virus particles to become infected. Contact transmission: Touching the surface of a virus contaminated object and then touching the mouth and nose can also allow the virus to enter. Treatment: Self limiting disease, but attention should be paid to dehydration. Norovirus gastroenteritis is a self limiting disease, and there are currently no specific antiviral drugs. Symptomatic supportive treatment is mainly adopted, especially timely correction of dehydration. Home rest: Most patients have mild symptoms and do not require treatment. They can recover after 2-3 days of rest. Fluid replacement support: Mild infected individuals can take oral rehydration salts to replenish the water and electrolytes consumed by vomiting and diarrhea. Frequent vomiting or severe diarrhea patients should seek medical attention in a timely manner. If necessary, blood gas and biochemical tests should be performed to evaluate the degree of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and acid-base imbalance. Treatment such as intravenous fluid replacement, correction of acidosis, and electrolyte supplementation should be carried out to prevent shock caused by dehydration. It should be noted that infants, elderly people, and immunocompromised individuals who experience severe dehydration should seek medical attention promptly. Kexing ": Alcohol is ineffective. We recommend two efficient disinfection methods. Norovirus can have a" long standby time "and is very stable in the environment. Common disinfectants (such as alcohol) cannot handle it. But it is not flawless. You can learn about the following efficient disinfection methods. Chlorine containing disinfectant: Use 1000mg/L chlorine containing disinfectant to clean surfaces contaminated with patient vomit or feces for 30 minutes. High temperature disinfection: For towels, clothing, and other items contaminated with norovirus, high temperature disinfection is a simple and efficient method. After removing food residues from tableware and food processing tools, boil and disinfect for 30 minutes. At present, there is no vaccine available to prevent Norovirus infection, but we can still significantly reduce the risk of infection through the following measures. 1. Pay attention to hand hygiene: Before meals, after using the toilet, and before processing food, follow the "7-step washing method" and wash your hands with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds. 2. Pay attention to food hygiene: Do not drink raw water, avoid eating raw and cold foods, especially seafood, vegetables, fruits, etc., wash them thoroughly before eating. 3. Cut off the source of infection: Norovirus infected individuals should be isolated at home and try to avoid contact with others within 3 days after recovery; Eating separately with family members. 4. Carry out environmental disinfection: Use chlorine containing disinfectant to clean surfaces contaminated with patient vomit or feces. Wear gloves and masks when cleaning up dirt to avoid direct contact with pollutants. Norovirus is not scary. As long as we take good precautions, we can effectively block its transmission routes and reduce the risk of infection. If accidentally infected, there is no need to worry excessively. Most patients can self heal through rest and moderate fluid replacement. Infants, elderly people, and immunocompromised individuals should be vigilant after infection. If relevant symptoms occur, they should seek medical attention in a timely manner to prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, in order to avoid worsening of the condition. (New Society)