On January 19, the Supreme People's Court released the key data of judicial trial in 2025. In 2025, the people's courts, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee, implemented Xi Jinping Thought onism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, took Xi Jinping's thought on rule of law as the guidance for judicial trial work, continuously strengthened and optimized trial management, and sufficiently performed trial functions, and tried to support and serve the Chinese-style modernization with the modernization of trial work, and provide judicial guarantee for the high-quality completion the "14th Five-Year Plan" and create a good legal environment for the start of the "15th Five-Year Plan". 

The overall situation judicial trial work. The people's courts focused closely on the goal of "efforts to ensure that the people feel fairness and justice in every judicial case", implemented the requirements "seeing from the political perspective and handling from the perspective of the rule of law", and handled various cases in accordance with the law and justice. The people's courts accepted than 37 million various trial and execution cases (excluding cases that have been successfully mediated in advance, the same below), with a year-on-year increase of than 10%. The people's courts more strictly implemented the registration system for case filing, and while the number of first instance cases received increased significantly, the number of second instance and retrial cases received decreased year-on-year, and the proportions of the first instance judgments being changed or remanded by the second instance, and the proportions of effective judgments being changed or remanded by the retrial decreased year-on-year. The fairness, stability, and authority of the judgments of the people's courts have steadily. As of the end of December 2025, the number of cases that have not been resolved for more than two years decreased by about 20% year--year, and the work of clearing long-term unresolved cases has achieved remarkable results. 

In order to optimize and implement trial management that conforms to judicial laws, the People's Court continuously optimized and adjusted the trial quality management index system, and guided courts at all levels to focus on the basic goals of substantive dispute resolution and dispute resolution and to out work pragmatically. As of the end of December 2025, the overall indicators and the indicators of the criminal, civil and commercial, administrative, and execution business in the continuously optimized trial quality management index system have all reached a reasonable range nationwide. Most of the key indicators reflecting the quality, efficiency, and effectiveness of the trial continued to improve-on-year, and the "case-file ratio", as the core indicator, decreased by 0.07 year-on-year, which is equivalent to reduction of more than 2.2 million derivative cases; the appeal rate, the rate of retrial by appeal, and the "case-visit ratio" all showed a significant-on-year increase. Since the online trial of the "one-network" system (i.e., the "National People's Court Case Management and Case Hand Platform"), the capacity to serve and support trial execution and strengthen trial management has continued to show, and the overall improvement of the trial quality and efficiency in the eight regions, as Zhejiang and Henan, which were the first to go online, has been better than the national average. Among the 80% of grassroots courts in the jurisdictions the appeal rate decreased year-on-year, and the trial quality and efficiency of the first instance in more "people-case contradiction" prominent "large-volume" courts have improved. 

Criminal case trial situation. The people's courts adhered to the overall concept of national security, implemented the lenient and severe criminal policy accurately andively, punished all kinds of crimes according to law, resolutely maintained national security and social stability, ensured the people's peaceful life, and promoted high-level security services for-quality development. The people's courts accepted more than 1 million criminal first instance cases, sentenced 1.4 million effective defendants, and the number of cases and the of people decreased year-on-year. 

Civil and commercial case trial situation. The people's courts adhere to the people-centered approach, practice concept of "as if I were suing", aim to resolve disputes in substance, try various civil and commercial cases in accordance with the law, and earnestly guard the welfare the people and help the market economy develop healthily and steadily. The people's courts accepted more than 20 million civil and commercial first instance cases, an increase of more 11% year-on-year. The people's courts accepted more than 470,000 intellectual property civil first instance cases, an increase of than 5% year-on-year, and the role of the people's courts in serving the development of new productive forces and maintaining fair competition in the market has been strengthened. The people's courts accepted more than 160,000 environmental resource civil first instance cases, an increase of more than 11% year--year, and the people's courts insist on protecting the ecological environment with the strictest system and the most stringent law, and provide stronger services and guarantees for the construction of beautiful China. The people's courts accepted about 40,000 foreign-related civil and commercial first instance cases, a substantial increase of nearly 50%-on-year, and the people's courts continuously improve the efficiency of foreign-related justice, protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese and foreign parties equally according to law and effectively serve the high-quality development and high-level opening-up of "the Belt and Road". 

Administrative case trial situation. The people's strengthen the prevention and substantive resolution of administrative disputes, deeply practice the concept of "supervision is support, support is supervision", and help build a higher level of the of law government. The people's courts accepted more than 330,000 administrative first instance cases, an increase of more than 13% year-onyear; accepted more than 210,000 non-litigation administrative acts and applied for execution review cases, an increase of more than 25% yearon-year. In the case of the rising number of administrative first instance cases, the number of administrative second instance cases and retrial cases has decreased year-on-year, the problem of "high appeal rate, high retrial rate" in administrative trial has been continuously and effectively resolved. 

Execution case handling situation. The people's courts deepen the reform of execution, steadily promote the standardization of execution, and continuously improve the efficiency of execution case handling and governance. The number of accepted first execution cases exceeded 10 million, an increase of more than 15% year-on-year. The number of preservation execution cases handled was more than 58 million, an increase of 5% year-on-year. A large number of difficult and backlog cases have been effectively resolved through in-depth cross-execution and key work, the execution completion and the execution completion rate remained high, and the execution amount in place was 2.16 trillion yuan, which effectively realized the rights and interests of the parties, and people's judicial sense of access to justice has been continuously improved. The people's courts actively promote the credit repair of dishonest executors, help the credit rebirth of market, and have cumulatively repaired the credit of more than 26 million people, and the number of credit repair has been more than the number of people newly included in the of dishonest persons for seven consecutive quarters, and a large number of enterprises have been able to invest and operate normally, and the execution work has continuously shown its role in serving the economy society. (Liaoxin News Agency)