Historical and cultural heritage carries the genes and bloodline of the Chinese nation, belongs to future generations, and is related to the destiny of the country. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, significant achievements have been made in the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage, creating a new era. In the fourth national census of cultural relics, China's cultural relics resources have been basically identified. All 767000 cultural relics registered in the "Three Pu" have been re examined, and the number of newly discovered cultural relics in the "Four Pu" has exceeded 130000. How to protect and inherit the vast heritage of Chinese culture at a new historical starting point is an important support for the realization of Chinese path to modernization. Our country has numerous cultural heritage sites, large quantities, and wide coverage, deeply embedded in social production and life. To implement comprehensive and effective protection, we must start from the system and source, and deepen the reform of the protection system with a problem oriented approach. The proposal for the "15th Five Year Plan" approved at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposes to promote systematic protection and unified supervision and inspection of cultural heritage, strengthen effective protection and dynamic inheritance of historical and cultural cities, neighborhoods, villages and towns. Under the guidance of the spirit of the plenary session, various regions are actively promoting the reform of various institutional mechanisms, such as the gradual establishment and improvement of special work mechanisms for the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage by the deliberation and coordination bodies of party committees at all levels, and the comprehensive implementation of the "archaeological first, then transfer" system for underground cultural relics in various regions. But in order to deepen our efforts and tackle the "hard bones", we must continue to solve the difficulties and obstacles that exist in different regions to varying degrees, such as "heavy emphasis on protection and tourism, light emphasis on culture", "dismantling real and building fake, dismantling old and building new", "overlapping responsibilities of management institutions, and unclear boundaries". We must also adhere to problem orientation, precise policy implementation, continuously improve multi-dimensional institutional mechanisms, and achieve systematic governance, comprehensive protection, and overall improvement. Improve the overall coordination mechanism that connects the upper and lower levels, effectively achieving a "balanced distribution". The integration of centralized and decentralized governance is an important governance concept explored in the practice of reform with Chinese characteristics. By promoting the establishment of high-level and cross departmental deliberation and coordination mechanisms, and timely clarifying and improving the functions of various local departments, efficient integration and precise division of labor for cultural heritage protection can be achieved. On the one hand, it is necessary to accelerate the establishment of coordination institutions for the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage at all levels, strengthen cross regional, industry, and domain coordination functions, regularly study and solve important issues such as policy funding, supervision and regulation in various fields of cultural heritage protection and inheritance, and form a "one game" working force. On the other hand, it is necessary to clearly define the collaborative functions of departments such as cultural relics, cultural tourism, housing and construction, economy and information technology, and commerce in the field of cultural heritage protection. We must adhere to both close cooperation and individual responsibilities, improve the linkage protection mechanism for cultural relics, historical buildings, historical blocks, famous cities and towns, traditional villages, cultural landscapes, and intangible cultural heritage, and build a comprehensive protection system that covers the entire chain. Improve the responsibility implementation mechanism that unifies rights, responsibilities, and benefits, and effectively achieve the principle of "guarding treasures and fulfilling responsibilities". Cultural heritage involves multiple subject relationships such as administrative management subjects, ownership and management rights subjects, and social participation subjects. It is necessary to scientifically divide the boundaries of rights, responsibilities, and interests, and promote the formation of a clear responsibility loop with equal rights and responsibilities, clear interests, and clear rewards and punishments. We should give full play to the role of assessment, evaluation, inspection and supervision, and incorporate the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage into the comprehensive evaluation system for the performance of party and government leadership teams and leading cadres, truly consolidating the responsibilities of party and government entities at all levels. We should support grassroots practical innovation, actively explore solutions to problems such as unclear ownership of property rights, lack of repair responsibilities, and development and use risks, enhance the enthusiasm and sense of achievement of protection subjects, and achieve the transformation of responsibility implementation from external constraints to endogenous motivation. We should actively broaden public participation channels, enhance the awareness of national protection, improve the dissemination system of cultural heritage values, activate the endogenous driving force of enterprises, communities, volunteers and other entities, and promote the formation of a diversified governance pattern led by the government, with social participation and market assistance. Improve the inspection and accountability mechanism for real and hard work, and promote the implementation of the system. The responsibility lies not in the weight, but in the necessity. Establishing and improving systems for cultural heritage protection supervision, disciplinary and legal coordination, and perfecting the responsibility system are key guarantees for ensuring the implementation of relevant responsibilities and the implementation of protection policies. We should summarize and apply common laws such as environmental protection inspection and natural resource inspection, accelerate the construction of a national, provincial, municipal, and county level cultural heritage protection inspection system, clarify inspection priorities, standardize inspection procedures, and strengthen the application of results, so that the system can truly become a live "high-voltage line". We should collaborate with multiple departments to establish and improve mechanisms for discovering illegal clues, sharing intelligence, transferring cases, upgrading investigations, listing supervision, and joint law enforcement. We should also improve the public interest litigation mechanism for cultural heritage protection violations. Adhere to the connection between discipline and law, and form a strong legal deterrence. Improve the continuous and stable work guarantee mechanism to ensure the realization of "stable and far-reaching". The protection of cultural heritage has a long time span and cycle, and requires the construction of a long-term and sustainable stable support and guarantee mechanism from multiple dimensions such as institutional design, policy formulation, and innovative paradigms. We should improve and perfect the mechanism for sustained financial support, with a focus on strengthening the full coverage of weak links such as low-level cultural relics and historical buildings in local areas. We should support the construction of research institutions or the strengthening of professional talent teams in cultural heritage sites based on actual conditions, support and guide the participation of cultural heritage protection "national teams" in assisting weak areas, and promote the strengthening of cultural heritage protection research platforms and talent team construction in areas with rich cultural heritage resources. We should actively explore the participation mode of social resources, activate the subjective initiative of social forces to participate in the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage through various means such as volunteer service, funding investment, and management combination, and focus on building a large-scale protection pattern that is widely supported and jointly participated by the whole society. (New Society)