Every second, trillions of tiny 'packages' travel through human blood, transmitting important information between cells in the body. These particles, known as "molecular messengers" by scientists, are actually extracellular vesicles. Now, the research team of the Baker Heart and diabetes Institute in Australia has mapped the complete molecular components of extracellular vesicles for the first time, and presented the contents carried by the messenger in unprecedented detail. The relevant paper was published in the latest issue of the journal Nature Cell Biology. For decades, the scientific community has been trying to decipher the composition of these nanoscale particles, but the complex structure of blood itself, containing a large amount of cholesterol, antibodies, and other nanoparticles, makes it difficult to accurately separate extracellular vesicles in experiments. Due to a lack of complete understanding of the structural components of extracellular vesicles, scientists have been unable to truly comprehend the information transmission function they undertake in the body. In the latest research, the team used ultra pure separation technology combined with multi omics analysis to systematically analyze extracellular vesicles in the plasma of healthy individuals, and ultimately identified 182 proteins and 52 lipids that constitute the core structure of extracellular vesicles. They also found another set of key molecules that can distinguish extracellular vesicles from other particles in the blood, which means the molecular communication system of the human body has been deciphered. The research team pointed out that the combination of proteins and lipids carried by extracellular vesicles is closely related to the health status of the cells from which they originate. For example, some specific extracellular vesicle molecular features have been shown to be associated with early heart disease risk. The research results provide a key data foundation for the development of blood testing based on extracellular vesicles, and in the future, it is expected to achieve earlier prediction of cardiovascular disease risk through a simple blood draw. In order to enable more people to understand this discovery, the research team has also developed an interactive online resource called EVMap, which is open to researchers worldwide for free. This platform integrates complete molecular composition information of extracellular vesicles, which can be used for sample comparison, mechanism research, and potential clinical biomarker development, and may significantly improve the efficiency of related research. (New Society)