On November 27, the National Cutural Heritage Administration held a special press conference in Beijing to introduce the latest archaeological scientific research results of the Shimao Site in Yulin, Shaanxi. It is understood that Fu Qiaomei's scientific research team from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology and other units conducted nuclear genome research on 169 ancient human bone samples from Shimao Site and its surrounding sites, and southern Shanxi. This study confirms through genetic evidence that the main population of Shimao culture originated from the late Yangshao period in northern Shaanxi, establishing the continuity of its cultural and population development; Revealing the close relationship between the Shimao culture population and the Taosi culture population in southern Shanxi, the population related to the northern Yumin ethnic group, and the rice farming population in southern China, and demonstrating the extensive historical scene of interaction and communication among prehistoric agricultural and pastoral populations; By reconstructing the family lineage spanning four generations within the ancient city of Shimao, we can gain a clear perspective on its operation mode of constructing social hierarchy with patrilineal kinship as the core. This provides a social organization model for understanding the formation and development process of early Chinese states, and the first direct genetic evidence for exploring the power inheritance model, ruling family, and social class composition of early East Asian states. The research result "Revealing the Genetic Customs of the Neolithic Age in China through Ancient DNA of Shimao Ancient City" was published online in the journal Nature on November 27th this year. (New Society)