On November 23, the reporter learned from Hainan University that the research team led by Professor Luo Qingming, Professor Li Xiangning and Professor Li An'an, academicians of the CAS Member, successfully developed the whole brain cell architecture analysis platform, and completed the three-dimensional distribution map of 20 key types of cells in the whole brain of mice for the first time, revealing the neural signal balance mechanism of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, providing a unified and reliable reference basis for brain science research. The study was conducted by Hainan University in collaboration with Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and the related results were recently published in Nature Communications. In the mammalian brain, the precise location and arrangement of neurons are the core of building neural circuits, but traditional research is limited by technology and difficult to finely analyze the relevant information of the entire brain. In response to this challenge, the team combined a genetically modified mouse model with fluorescence microscopy optical slice tomography technology to obtain continuous sub micron level high-definition images of the entire mouse brain, achieving unprecedented levels of image clarity and data integrity. Based on this platform, researchers can clearly identify all labeled individual cells in the brain and accurately correspond these cells to a reference brain template, ultimately completing a three-dimensional map of the entire brain for 20 key cells. The team innovatively integrates bioinformatics analysis methods, utilizing high-resolution 3D cell distribution maps and large-scale unsupervised clustering algorithms to divide the entire mouse brain into uniform 3D grids, which are then classified into different categories and mapped to reference brain templates for in-depth research. This method has discovered a unique three-dimensional arrangement pattern in known brain regions, indicating that the brain may have more finely divided functional areas. In addition, researchers have found through whole brain scale information integration analysis that the cerebral cortex as a whole leans towards "excitatory" neural signals, while the cerebellum leans towards "inhibitory" neural signals. This signal balance mechanism provides a new direction for brain disease research. Li Anan stated that this achievement fills the international research gap in the resolution distribution map of whole brain single cells, and promotes the upgrading of neuroscience research from traditional "macroscopic description" to precise "fine analysis" stage. (New Society)