Recently, the latest Global Trade Update Report released by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development pointed out that trade is a catalyst for achieving the Paris Agreement, and trade policies of various countries are an important driving force for climate action, which can accelerate the global low-carbon transformation by reducing the cost of clean technologies and promoting their popularization. The report points out that in recent years, environmentally friendly products have shown rapid growth, strong demand, and increased participation from developing countries. Its trade scale continues to expand, with exports reaching $2 trillion by 2024, accounting for 14% of global manufacturing exports, indicating a sustained growth in demand for products such as green technology, energy-saving equipment, and pollution control. Among them, the growth rate of trade in solar and wind energy products far exceeds that of other industrial products, indicating that the global energy transition has driven the cross-border trade growth of clean energy hardware. The report points out that trade drives scale and competition, leading to a continued decrease in the cost of renewable energy worldwide. For example, the levelized cost of solar energy has decreased by 41%, further promoting demand and trade growth. In addition, developing countries have advantages in the trade of environmentally friendly products, especially in the export of non plastic alternatives, biodiversity products, low-carbon raw materials, and natural based products, indicating that developing countries are facing the dividends of green trade and opportunities for export diversification. Although trade can significantly promote low-carbon transformation, the global trading system still faces multiple constraints in promoting carbon reduction. One is the insufficient global climate ambition, making it difficult for trade to play its maximum role without policy impetus. From 2024 to 2025, 64 countries and regions will submit updated national climate plans, covering only about 30% of global emissions; Secondly, global climate commitments are insufficient, and trade policies are difficult to match national climate goals, reducing the driving force of trade for carbon reduction; Thirdly, the cost of acquiring green technologies remains high and trade barriers are significant; The fourth issue is the high cost of compliance, lack of mutual recognition of technical standards, and duplication of multiple certification systems, which makes it difficult for developing country enterprises to enter the green high standard market and their ability to fully utilize trade to promote carbon reduction resources is insufficient. Although trade has lowered technology prices, developing countries still face problems such as insufficient technological capabilities, large financing gaps, and inadequate infrastructure. Most developing countries heavily rely on external support such as international climate funding, technology transfer, and capacity building for their national climate plans. The report points out that trade has great potential in promoting the global achievement of the goals of the Paris Agreement, and actions need to be taken from multiple aspects such as policy, cooperation, standards, technology, industry, and financing. The report suggests that trade policies should be systematically incorporated into national climate strategies, including supporting the import and popularization of low-carbon products through tariff adjustments, trade facilitation measures, etc; To reduce the trade costs of green technologies and environmental products, including lowering or eliminating tariffs and reducing non-tariff barriers, in order to significantly lower the threshold for obtaining green technologies; To promote regional and South South cooperation, enhance the accessibility of green technologies, including utilizing regional trade to reduce the cost of green products, and building regional clean energy technology supply chains to address issues such as expensive imports and unstable supply of green products; To promote the development of green industries and local value-added through trade and investment, upgrade the value chain, enhance the position of developing countries in the green supply chain, support the development of renewable energy industries, green agriculture, and circular economy industries, and use trade mechanisms to attract green investment and technology; We need to strengthen international support and capacity building, narrow the gap in green trade, and provide international support such as green technology transfer, financing, and capacity building for 80% of developing countries that have set national climate strategies as conditional targets. (New Society)