Historical and cultural heritage not only narrates the past, but also profoundly influences the present and future. From the restoration cooperation of Dazu Rock Carvings to the global academic exchange of Dunhuang Studies, to the protection and dissemination of Gandhara art in Pakistan, Chinese and foreign scholars jointly safeguard human historical and cultural heritage, promote the exchange and mutual learning of civilizations and mutual understanding of different countries and nations, and inject profound humanistic strength into the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind. Standing here, I can't help recalling the work experience of repairing cultural relics with Chinese experts eight years ago. I hope we can continue to deepen exchanges and cooperation in the protection of cultural heritage. ”Before Shu Chengyan Cliff Statue in Dazu Rock Carvings in Chongqing, Sergio Carlo, consultant of Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and director of Veneto Cultural Heritage Cluster, said. Dazu Rock Carvings, located in Dazu District, Chongqing, was founded in the Tang Dynasty and flourished from the end of the 9th century to the middle of the 13th century. Yu Xu extended to the Ming and Qing dynasties, with more than 50000 statues and 100000 inscriptions. Dazu Rock Carvings is famous for its grand scale, exquisite carving, diverse themes, rich connotation and complete preservation. In recent years, the Dazu Rock Carvings Research Institute and the Italian Veneto Cultural Heritage Cluster have exchanged experts and scholars to exchange cultural relics protection technology and experience, and held a series of academic exchange seminars. The cooperation has achieved remarkable results. In May 2017, according to the cooperation agreement signed by both parties, Carlo and Professor Mirela from the Cultural Restoration Department of the Verona Academy of Fine Arts in Italy came to Dazu District to collaborate with the Chinese team on the diagnosis and analysis of statue diseases and research on post protection technologies regarding the preservation status of the Shu Chengyan cliff statues. The Shu Chengyan cliff sculpture was carved between the 13th and 23rd years of the Shaoxing period in the Southern Song Dynasty. It is a Taoist statue that integrates carving, painting, and gold pasting. When Carlo arrived, he saw that the statue had problems such as weathering of the stone, peeling and peeling of the painted armor, cracking and warping of the gold layer. Carlo and his team have participated in the protection of world cultural heritage sites such as Venice and Verona in the Veneto region of Italy, and have rich experience. In Dazu District, Carlo and Mileira wear brown cultural protection uniforms printed with the words "Dazu Rock Carvings Cultural Relics Protection" every day, and together with the technicians of Dazu Rock Carvings Protection Engineering Center, they run to the restoration site, laboratory and seminar venue. Carlo is tall, and the niche of Shu Chengyan's cliff statue is relatively small. He often works in a kneeling and squatting position all day long. The core task of the Carlo team is to conduct research on protection and repair techniques together with Chinese technical personnel. The team is equipped with a dedicated toolbox, which neatly arranges tools for cleaning, reinforcement, and shaping. Carlo used a laser cleaning machine to clean the surface pollutants of cultural relics, which is more precise and controllable than traditional cleaning methods. Similar new equipment and technologies were of great interest to the Chinese technical personnel present at the time. Carlo has also benefited greatly from his work experience in China. Carlo said that there is no cave temple in Italy. He came to China to participate in the protection and restoration of Dazu Rock Carvings, which made up his weakness in this field. "The brown cultural relics protection overalls are the best witness of our successful cooperation!" He has always carefully kept the overalls of that year. In the past few years, he often wore them at the site of cultural relics restoration around the world. When asked, he would enthusiastically introduce "the Dazu Rock Carvings that must come once in a lifetime" to each other. Carlo believes that the Chinese team of Dazu Rock Carvings has shown outstanding performance in the protection of cultural relics. At the end of last year, Carlo once again led the Italian team to China to investigate the Dazu Rock Carvings Temple Cliff Statues, Shu Chengyan Cliff Statues and other cultural relics protection units. Both China and Italy have reached a consensus and plan to deepen cooperation in areas such as cultural relics and technological protection. Jiang Siwei, president of the Dazu Rock Carvings Research Institute, introduced that in the future, the two sides will focus on all-round and in-depth cooperation around the historical traceability and value research of grottoes (stone carvings), disease analysis and diagnosis technology, 3D information retention and virtual restoration research, stone color painting and gold paste protection and restoration, and jointly study the treatment of cultural relics diseases. As the two countries with the largest number of world cultural heritage sites, Italy and China have rich experience and unique advantages in research and project practice of cultural relic restoration technology. Our joint development of technology, products, and restoration plans is conducive to promoting the development of world cultural heritage conservation and providing samples for cultural relic conservation and restoration work worldwide, "said Carlo. Chinese and foreign scholars jointly study Dunhuang Studies - "see the ancient links between different civilizations" "Since ancient times, civilizations around the world have been inextricably linked. Dunhuang is a vivid example of the exchange of different civilizations, reflecting the importance of cross-cultural cooperation and communication. This was the case a thousand years ago, and it is still the case today. ”Emeritus Professor Emeritus of the School of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Cambridge and Professor Qiu Shi at Zhejiang University, Imre Galabos (Chinese name Gao Yirui), stated that studying Dunhuang documents and exchanging them in multiple language and cultural contexts is very meaningful. Gao Yirui was born in Hungary and went to Tianjin, China to study in 1987. After obtaining his doctoral degree in the United States in 2002, he began working at the British Library. Since then, he has participated in the International Dunhuang Studies Project of the British Library, and his research interest has gradually shifted from pre Qin characters to Dunhuang Studies. Proficient in six languages, he has participated in academic conferences around the world all year round, exchanged and cooperated with Chinese and foreign scholars, and is an important scholar in the field of international Dunhuang Studies. Dunhuang is an important gateway for China to the Western Regions. The ancient Chinese civilization, along with the ideas, religions, and arts from regions such as ancient India, ancient Greece, and ancient Persia, converge and blend here. At the beginning of the 20th century, the discovery of the Mogao Caves' scripture cave shook the world. In 1900, tens of thousands of various documents were found in Cave 17 of Mogao Grottoes, which gave birth to Dunhuang Studies. Later, people referred to this batch of documents as "Dunhuang Documents" and the caves that preserved them as "Cave of Buddhist Scriptures". From the Wei and Jin dynasties to the early Northern Song dynasty, Dunhuang documents not only include Chinese, but also various languages such as ancient Tibetan, Sanskrit, Uyghur, Sogdian, and Khotan, reflecting the exchange and mutual learning of diverse civilizations on the Silk Road. "The most striking thing about Dunhuang Studies literature is that it contains a variety of cultures, which provides valuable information for us to understand the spread of ideas, technologies, texts and religions on the ancient Silk Road." Gao Yirui said, "These documents and murals become a window through which we can see the ancient links between different civilizations. "It is very interesting to study Dunhuang Studies. Scholars from different academic backgrounds will draw different conclusions when they study the same materials. ”Gao Yirui stated that Chinese scholars and foreign scholars have different research directions, and it is necessary to exchange ideas with each other. Studying Dunhuang documents from a multilingual perspective can provide a more accurate understanding of the history of local societies during the Middle Ages, as well as notice previously undiscovered issues and phenomena. In terms of research content, Gao Yirui focuses on the "material form" of Dunhuang documents. As research deepens, people's understanding of the protection of Dunhuang documents is constantly evolving. "Today, preserving the original state of literature is considered to be a better form of protection." In Gao Yirui's view, the development of Dunhuang Studies reflects the deep logic of civilization exchange and mutual learning. With the deepening of research, we are increasingly aware of the interconnectedness of diverse civilizations on the Eurasian continent and the importance of East West contact. Gao Yirui stated that through international cooperation, the research, protection, and digitization of Dunhuang Grottoes are constantly deepening, providing more new possibilities for promoting cultural exchange and mutual learning. Chinese and Pakistani archaeologists work together as "guardians of Gandhara" - "to let more people experience the charm of Gandhara art". In the brick arch hall of the Peshawar Museum in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan (hereinafter referred to as "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province"), more than 10 Pakistani teenagers sit in groups of three or two, facing the stone carvings in the exhibition hall. Under the guidance of Chinese volunteers, the children carefully observed and pondered, using brushes to depict the exhibits in front of them on paper. They are participating in the "Guardian of Gandhara" archaeological conservation education course jointly initiated by the Archaeological and Museum Management Bureau of Cape Province and the volunteer team of Chinese archaeologists. For children, this is a journey of extraordinary significance, "said Abdul Samad, Director of the Archaeological and Museum Authority of Cape Province. Gandhara art was born during the Guishuang Dynasty from the 1st to the 3rd century AD, and is a typical representative of the integration of Eastern and Western civilizations. It is of great significance for understanding the history of human civilization exchange and mutual learning. As a core area where Gandhara cultural relics and archaeological sites are concentrated, Cape Province is a rich mine for studying Gandhara art. In recent years, with the continuous deepening of cooperation between China and Pakistan in the cultural and museum fields, Chinese archaeologists have paid increasing attention to this region. In 2023, 173 Pakistani cultural relics arrived in China, together with 30 cultural relics from the collection of the Palace Museum, forming the largest Gandhara art exhibition in China to date. This is a very 'breaking through' exhibition, and many Chinese audiences have learned about Gandhara art in Pakistan for the first time. Their enthusiasm and interest have amazed us, "said Samad." This exhibition has brought Chinese audiences closer to Pakistan's history and culture, and also reflects the huge promoting effect of cultural and museum cooperation between the two countries on cultural exchange and mutual learning. Both Pakistan and China have rich cultural heritage, and the cooperation between the two countries in the field of cultural relic protection is encouraging. By collaborating with Chinese universities and museums, Pakistani archaeologists can learn a lot of advanced experience and technology. ”Samad said that in recent years, Pakistani scholars have more opportunities to visit China and visit historical and cultural heritage sites such as the Mogao Grottoes of Dunhuang and Dazu Rock Carvings in Chongqing. At the same time, he introduced to Chinese scholars the research achievements of Pakistan's archaeological community in related fields. "Close communication with Chinese counterparts has brought many inspirations to Pakistan's archaeological and cultural work." There are many archaeological sites in Cape Province, which are widely distributed, remote and complex, and there are difficulties in management and protection. To address these challenges, archaeologists from China and Pakistan are working together, and the "Guardian of Gandhara" project is a positive attempt. Volunteers from both countries interact and exchange ideas with villagers near archaeological sites, and organize various activities targeting local young people. By explaining relevant historical and cultural knowledge, local people broaden their horizons and raise awareness of protecting historical sites. More and more people are beginning to realize that protecting historical relics is also protecting precious resources, "said Samad. Samad also actively promotes cooperation between archaeologists from Pakistan and China, introducing new technologies for cultural relic protection from China. China has rich experience in the protection of grotto temple sites, ground stone structures, and other fields, and has a first-class team and technology in Asia