On October 23, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC adopted the Communiqu é of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC (hereinafter referred to as the Communiqu é), which reviewed the brilliant achievements of China's economic development during the "14th Five Year Plan" and pointed out the direction for China's economic and social development during the "15th Five Year Plan". In the Communiqu é, scientific and technological innovation has become the theme of the "15th Five Year Plan". China's technology welcomes' historical opportunities'. China is facing new historical opportunities, but facing historical opportunities actually means that strategic opportunities and risks and challenges coexist. Among them, two strategic opportunities are particularly crucial: firstly, the period of technological revolution and industrial transformation opportunities. On the one hand, China is determined to seize the opportunity period of technological development to achieve three major goals, namely high-quality economic development, technological self-reliance and self-improvement, and comprehensive national strength leap. The Communique emphasizes the need to accelerate high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement, leading the development of new quality productive forces. It requires the birth of new quality productive forces through original innovation, key core technology research, and deep integration of industry, academia, and research, promoting industrial upgrading and taking the initiative in global competition, thus consolidating the foundation of socialist modernization. On the other hand, the world is entering a new stage of technological breakthroughs, with new technologies represented by big data, computing chips, and artificial intelligence ushering in a new wave of disruptive innovation. New products, applications, and formats are emerging like mushrooms after rain. These disruptive new technologies can not only create a new economy, but also deeply integrate with traditional industries, promote the transformation of traditional industries, change their appearance, achieve cost reduction and efficiency improvement, and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises in traditional industries. With the support of new technologies, the world economy and industries are undergoing earth shaking changes, and China is bound to need to keep up with this wave of technological innovation. Secondly, there is an opportunity period to strengthen the internal circulation and expand domestic demand. China needs to expand domestic demand, because from an external perspective, expanding domestic demand can resist global economic fluctuations, make China's economic development more stable, and also expand China's influence in the world through expanding domestic demand; From an internal perspective, stimulating domestic demand is the inevitable path to economic structural reform. Transitioning from an investment dependent economy to a consumption driven economy is not only a natural law of economic development, but also aimed at enabling ordinary people to better enjoy the fruits of China's economic development. So, China must expand domestic demand and activate the internal circulation. However, traditional methods of activating internal circulation have bottlenecks, such as inadvertently encouraging capacity expansion through subsidies, which objectively exacerbates "internal competition". So the key to expanding domestic demand still lies in technological innovation. Technological innovation can guide "internal competition" to shift towards benign market and technological competition, while the integration of technological innovation and consumer scenarios can better create new consumer products and scenarios, thereby promoting the increase of consumption and economic output. It can be said that technological innovation can both expand scale and achieve high-quality development. During the 15th Five Year Plan period, with this wave of technology, the consumer market will achieve a new round of leap, new things will emerge one after another, consumer goods and service formats will be more diverse, and China's domestic consumption will usher in a new round of opportunities. In short, externally, China achieves industrial upgrading through technological innovation, thereby enhancing its global economic and technological status and taking the initiative; Internally, China has transformed the supply and demand sides through technological innovation, activated the domestic demand cycle, and stimulated the emergence of new quality productive forces, laying a solid foundation for achieving socialist modernization. Opportunities and challenges coexist, and reform and opening up remain a good solution. Technological innovation is an important theme during the 15th Five Year Plan period. However, there are both strategic opportunities and risk challenges in technological innovation during this period. The reason why there are opportunities for technological innovation during the 15th Five Year Plan period is because China has made sufficient preparations for this round of technological revolution, and also because China has unique advantages in the field of technological innovation. 'Adequate preparation' refers to China's continuous improvement of its innovation incentive mechanism, modernization of its industrial system and innovation system. This system has begun to play a positive role in promoting innovation, and China has taken a leading position globally in areas such as photovoltaics, lithium batteries, lithium battery vehicles, robots, and low altitude economy. 'Unique advantages' refer to China's strong foundation in innovative resource factors, such as high popularity of higher education and abundant talent; For example, China has a more advantageous institutional system (such as a new national system and innovation support policies); For example, China has a large population base, and with the increase in income and purchasing power of the Chinese people, the enormous purchasing power enables many innovative products to achieve huge sales in the early stages of their emergence, thereby supporting continuous improvement and research and development of innovative products. The challenge of technological innovation during the 15th Five Year Plan period is due to the increasing uncertainty in both the external and internal environment of China's technological innovation. Externally, global protectionism is on the rise, and first mover countries have begun to remove their disguises and use technology embargoes to curb China's technological development in order to maintain technological leadership. The global technological competition environment is no longer fair, and China's ability and potential for technological innovation have been recognized by first mover countries. The possibility of achieving technological breakthroughs through external forces in the future is almost non-existent; Internally, issues such as aging population, sluggish domestic demand, uneven regional development, and academic formalization are prominent, and there is an urgent need to optimize the current innovation incentive system and factor allocation system through institutional and mechanism reforms. During the period of technological iteration opportunities, we encounter challenges in the "deep water zone" of reform, which requires us to do two things well: first, maintain policy flexibility and foresight, and place innovation system reform in a key position; The second is to streamline the incentive mechanism, reform the distribution system, and tilt the distribution system more towards innovation fields, creating an atmosphere of respect for science and talent throughout society. Next, the "15th Five Year Plan" will focus on four aspects to drive China's scientific and technological innovation: firstly, enhancing the driving force of scientific and technological innovation. Focus on tackling "bottleneck" technologies, such as lithography machines and EDA in the chip field, and adopt a new national system to concentrate on overcoming technical difficulties. Layout future industries, such as commercial aerospace, brain computer interfaces, etc., and carry out forward-looking institutional and infrastructure supporting layout. Building an "innovation consortium", such as promoting the deep integration of industry, academia, research and application, and bridging talents, enterprises and research institutions. Secondly, actively promote industrial upgrading. Promote the high-end, intelligent and green transformation of manufacturing and service industries, for example, actively carry out scene experiments on industrial Internet, and accumulate successful industrial Internet application cases; For example, promoting technological transformation of enterprises through fiscal and tax incentives and financial support. Thirdly, we will continue to deepen reform and opening up. In terms of reform, the main focus is on optimizing the business environment, such as deepening the reform of factor markets, promoting the confirmation of data factor rights, and gradually opening up the capital account, in order to stimulate market vitality and innovation. In terms of openness, actively aligning with global economic and trade rules; For example, joining RCEP, CPTPP and other multilateral mechanisms can reduce external economic and trade frictions and provide a favorable external environment for China's innovation and development. The fourth is to coordinate regional development models. On the one hand, through strategies such as the coordination of Beijing Tianjin Hebei, the integration of the Yangtze River Delta, and the construction of the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area, a regional economic layout with complementary advantages and high-quality development is formed, and innovative cooperation is formed among various regions to leverage their respective advantages and jointly promote technological development. On the other hand, through the construction of a unified national market, non-technical barriers can be broken down, and a favorable environment for technological innovation competition can be created to enhance the enthusiasm of enterprises for innovation. Going up with the flow and facing difficulties, dialectical unity. The "Communique" mentions the relationship between "going up with the flow" and "facing difficulties", and there is a dialectical unity between the two. Looking at it separately, following the trend of technological revolution and industrial transformation, grasping the "time window" of global industrial chain reconstruction. China has accumulated a wealth of leading global experience in the field of new energy, and only needs to replicate it again in areas such as digital economy and artificial intelligence to achieve perfect "overtaking on the bend". Therefore, seizing the opportunity and actively seizing the technological high ground is crucial for Chinese enterprises. Facing difficulties head-on refers to China's need to confront structural contradictions and external risks in its development. For example, the problem of "bottleneck" in the core technology field still exists, coupled with the current abuse of "long arm jurisdiction" by the first developing countries, the situation of China encountering bottlenecks is increasing. At this time, Chinese scientific and technological workers need to face difficulties, take the initiative to break through, and strive for self-reliance and self-improvement; For example, in the field of people's livelihood, technological innovation needs to actively integrate with various vertical fields to solve problems in the field of people's livelihood and fill the gaps in the field; For example, in the process of opening up to the outside world, it is necessary to balance security and development, and build a new pattern of healthy development of "economic dual circulation". Seeking opportunities in times of crisis and turning crises into opportunities, we must not only seize opportunities and promote high-quality development through technological innovation, but also break through deep-seated contradictions through reform and tackling challenges, ultimately achieving a dynamic balance between "stable growth" and "promoting reform". (New Society)