The proposal for the "15th Five Year Plan" approved at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposes "forward-looking layout of future industries", while also naming "brain computer interfaces" as one of the six directions for future industries, aiming to become a new economic growth point. In this key track of future industries, Shanghai is accelerating the exploration of new applications and expanding new scenarios. If several representative companies previously focused on "brain reading" - by implanting electrodes to "explore" and decode brain signals, promoting clinical research; A new batch of achievements that have recently emerged will shift their focus to "writing the brain" - not only can it read EEG information, but it can also input signals to the brain to treat brain diseases such as depression and anorexia, or rebuild vision for blind people. Recently, in the New Hongqiao International Medical Park, the first spatial carrier of the Shanghai Brain Computer Interface Future Industrial Agglomeration Zone was completed, and it made its debut to the public with a high-level industrial gathering. In the words of Dai Minmin, President of Shanghai Guotou Company, the goal is to bring together the people who understand technology, clinical practice, policies, and investment the most, and to "make multiple efforts" to promote the transformation of disruptive technologies into new quality productivity. This "Brain Intelligence Hub" salon has attracted numerous ecological partners from upstream and downstream of the industry chain, including multiple brain computer innovation teams that have made new breakthroughs in new tracks. There are two main directions for research on brain computer interfaces: one is to read brain information and decode it to understand what is happening in the brain; The second is to actively regulate brain function and treat brain diseases through deep brain stimulation and other methods. These two directions are respectively referred to as "reading brain" and "writing brain" by Wang Shouyan, Vice Dean of the Institute of Brain Intelligence Science and Technology at Fudan University. He believes that "brain reading" has been studied for nearly 50 years, and related technologies are becoming increasingly mature; In recent years, breakthroughs have also emerged in the field of "brain writing", including the work of Sun Bomin's team. In the future, the integration of "reading the brain" and "writing the brain" will open up new possibilities for the treatment of brain diseases. In fact, in the past year, Shanghai has focused on national strategy and made every effort to promote innovation in brain computer interface technology and industrial cultivation. Companies such as Borui Kang, Ladder Medical, and Brain Tiger Technology have become the first batch to submit their applications. Borui Kang's semi invasive brain computer interface has entered the innovation channel first in the country, helping high paraplegic patients restore limb motor function; Ladder Medical has conducted the first invasive brain computer interface clinical trial in China, allowing patients who have lost their hands to play computer games; Brain Tiger Technology has achieved dual decoding of language and motion signals for the first time in the world... Overall, these "brain reading" achievements have reconstructed neural signal pathways for patients to access the outside world. At the same time, Shanghai's layout in the relatively low-key but equally promising field of "brain writing" has also achieved some success. In addition to brain disease treatment trials, it also includes complex sensory reconstruction. Liu Bing, founder of Shanghai Mingshi Medical Technology Co., Ltd., revealed that they have just completed the world's first visual reconstruction ITT (a clinical study initiated by researchers) of complex graphics overlaid with colors. By using brain computer interfaces to electrically stimulate specific points in the brain, they not only generate a "phantom" light spot in consciousness, but also accurately control its color. Liu Bing said that compared to collecting EEG signals, the algorithm for "writing" is more difficult and requires higher accuracy. Previously, only Neuralink, a company under Musk, had dabbled in visual reconstruction. As a startup enterprise, Mingshi Medical plans to complete a blind implant surgery next year, allowing patients to "see" colored graphics again; The long-term goal is to use brain computer interfaces and cameras to help patients with enucleated eyeballs rebuild vision of approximately 0.3 to 0.5. Wu Jinsong, director of the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Computer Interface Clinical Trials and Translation, revealed that they are working with relevant companies to decode and encode "verbal imagination", hoping to enable communication between people without the need for speaking, and to be completed through methods similar to "telepathy". Fudan University has also gathered resources around "writing the brain" and established a research center for neural regulation and brain computer interface, focusing on neuropharmaceutical research for pain, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, sleep disorders, and more. Reading and writing simultaneously is an important clue in the current development of brain computer interfaces in Shanghai. The relevant person in charge of the Municipal Science and Technology Commission stated that the city is currently implementing the top-level design of brain computer interfaces and future industries in accordance with the "four in one" mechanism of project manager team's main responsibility, breakthrough of key task list, empowerment of future industry funds, and support of future industry clusters. We strive to increase the industrial scale of Shanghai's brain computer interfaces from the current 1 billion yuan to billions or even billions by 2030, and become an important pillar of strategic emerging industries. (New Society)