The Proposal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the 15th Five Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development proposes to "build a modern industrial system and consolidate and strengthen the foundation of the real economy". The modern industrial system is the material and technological basis of Chinese path to modernization, which fully demonstrates the importance that the Party Central Committee attaches to the fundamental and strategic role of the real economy in the process of Chinese path to modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that the real economy is the foundation of a country's economy, the fundamental source of wealth creation, and an important pillar of national strength. Faced with the opportunity of a new round of technological revolution and accelerated industrial transformation, only by focusing on the real economy, building a modern industrial system supported by the real economy, and adhering to the direction of intelligence, greenness, and integration, can we provide solid support for high-quality economic and social development. Based on the new journey of the 15th Five Year Plan, developing and strengthening the real economy is not only the focus of economic construction, but also the foundation of national security and competitive initiative. The real economy is not only the main battlefield for the transformation of technological innovation achievements, but also a key area for maintaining financial stability. Only by taking the real economy as the core to promote the optimization of economic structure and the cultivation of new quality productive forces can we achieve the historic leap from a big economic country to a strong economic country, and provide a lasting impetus and a solid material foundation for Chinese path to modernization. Based on the new stage of the 15th Five Year Plan, to consolidate and strengthen the foundation of the real economy, it is necessary to coordinate the efforts of industry, market, and region, with the construction of a unified and open market system as the guide, strengthening technological innovation and optimizing industrial structure as the core, and promoting regional coordinated development as the path, continuously consolidating the material foundation of modernization construction. The industry level provides development support, the market level activates internal circulation, and the regional level forms a linkage pattern. The three promote each other and work together to inject sustained impetus into the real economy and consolidate the foundation of Chinese path to modernization. Industry is the core support of the real economy. During the 14th Five Year Plan period, the level of digitalization and intelligence in China's industries has been comprehensively improved. As of the end of June this year, the penetration rate of digital research and development design tools in industrial enterprises has reached 84.0%, and the CNC rate of key processes has reached 66.8%. The rapid rise of the intelligent equipment industry and the breaking of foreign monopolies with domestically produced large models have further consolidated China's competitive advantage in the new generation of artificial intelligence and industrial intelligence. Facing the "15th Five Year Plan", we should aim for high-quality development, adhere to advanced manufacturing as the main support, and take intelligence, greening, and integration as the development direction, fully leveraging the empowering role of advanced technology in traditional and emerging industries. Through intelligent transformation, digitalization of production processes, data-driven precision management, and the application of green and low-carbon technologies, traditional industries such as machinery and chemical engineering are promoted to achieve quality improvement, efficiency enhancement, and value chain leap. At the same time, we will cultivate and strengthen emerging and future industries, accelerate the development of strategic emerging industry clusters such as new materials, aerospace, and low altitude economy, promote the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, comprehensively enhance independent innovation capabilities, and provide solid support for the sustainable development of the real economy. Build a strong domestic market at the market level and smooth the circulation of the national economy. The market is the lifeblood of the real economy. Since the 14th Five Year Plan, the average contribution rate of domestic demand to economic growth has reached 86.8%; The basic institutional rules of the market economy are constantly improving, and the business environment is continuously optimizing. Facing the "15th Five Year Plan", we should adhere to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, coordinate the promotion of "expanding increment, improving efficiency, and promoting smooth circulation", and support the foundation of the real economy with a sound market system. At the institutional and regulatory levels, financial regulatory authorities must effectively fulfill their primary responsibility for risk prevention, improve institutional mechanisms for preventing and resolving risks in key areas, hold the bottom line of preventing systemic financial risks, and provide a safe and stable financial environment for the healthy development of the real economy. At the level of market development, it is necessary to deepen the supply side structural reform, expand high-quality consumption and service consumption, promote the development of new consumption formats, and guide investment to focus on areas that make up for weaknesses, strengths and weaknesses, and cultivate momentum. Key project construction should be promoted with high quality, with the core goal of building a strong domestic market and smoothing the circulation of the national economy, consolidating and strengthening the foundation of the real economy. As the lifeblood of the real economy, the financial market should deepen the comprehensive reform of investment and financing, and enhance the ability of the capital market to serve the real economy. Promote regional coordinated development at the regional level and form an overall linkage pattern. Since the 14th Five Year Plan, the total proportion of GDP in the central and western regions of China has increased to 42.9%, and the gap in per capita GDP between the eastern and central regions has continued to narrow. Key regions such as Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong Hong Kong Macao have made breakthroughs in collaborative innovation, industrial linkage, and ecological co construction. Facing the period of the 15th Five Year Plan, firstly, we will focus on optimizing the layout, coordinating the development of the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions, promoting the construction of "hard connectivity" facilities such as cross regional and cross basin large channels, and improving the "soft collaboration" mechanisms such as inter regional planning coordination, industrial cooperation, and benefit sharing. Improve the strategic layout of the main functional areas and build a spatial pattern of complementary advantages and efficient collaboration. The second is to continuously optimize the regional market institutional environment, eliminate local protectionism and market segmentation, and improve the basic system of a unified large market. Based on the new development pattern of the 15th Five Year Plan, unified institutional rules should be adopted to break down regional barriers and achieve free flow of factors and fair competition; Through regional division of labor and cooperation, promote cross regional linkage of industrial chain, supply chain, and innovation chain, and form an industrial system with complementary advantages and collaborative progress; Through the integration of government services and digital construction, we aim to improve the efficiency of regional resource allocation, reduce institutional costs, and create an efficient and unified business environment. Through institutional coordination and industrial linkage between regions, a nationwide pattern of optimized resource allocation and market integration is formed, stimulating the vitality of various market entities, promoting a virtuous cycle of investment and consumption, and providing a fair, open, and stable market environment for the development of the real economy. Overall, to consolidate and strengthen the foundation of the real economy, it is necessary to enhance industrial innovation capabilities, unleash the potential of the domestic market, improve the regional development pattern, form a systematic support for the coordinated development of industries, markets, and regions, and provide solid guarantees and sustained momentum for the comprehensive construction of a socialist modernized country. Author: Chen Yunsen (Professor at the School of Accounting, Central University of Finance and Economics)