The National Day and Mid Autumn Festival holidays have ended, and in October, attention should be paid to infectious diseases such as chikungunya fever, dengue fever, acute respiratory infectious diseases, hand foot mouth disease, norovirus enteritis, monkeypox, etc. So, what protective measures can effectively prevent the occurrence of these infectious diseases? Please find attached a health guide. 1、 Chikungunya fever, dengue fever and other mosquito borne infectious diseases. Chikungunya fever is an acute infectious disease caused by the Chikungunya virus and transmitted through mosquito bites. The main clinical manifestations are fever, rash, and joint pain. Dengue fever is an acute infectious disease caused by dengue virus and mainly transmitted through mosquito bites. Its clinical manifestations include fever, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, "three pains" (severe headache, posterior eye socket pain, muscle and joint pain), and "three redness" (facial, neck, and chest redness). Main protective measures: 1. Avoid mosquito bites. Living in or going to areas with Aedes mosquitoes, use mosquito repellent or electric mosquito repellent liquid and use screen doors, windows, and mosquito nets to prevent mosquitoes in homes and workplaces. When going to parks, green belts, and other places, one should wear long sleeved clothes and pants, and apply mosquito repellent on exposed skin and clothing. Avoid prolonged exposure to dark and humid outdoor environments such as grass and tree shade during periods of frequent mosquito infestation (7-9 am, 5-7 pm). 2. Eliminate mosquitoes and clean up mosquito breeding grounds. Indoor mosquito control can be carried out using insecticide aerosols, electric mosquito swatters, mosquito lamps, etc. Regularly remove all kinds of accumulated water in households and workplaces, turn over pots and cans, and promptly clean up various idle containers on balconies, rooftops, and in front and behind houses. Terraces, potholes, tree holes, bamboo tubes, and other places that are prone to water accumulation need to be regularly dredged and leveled, and ditches should be dredged, mud and weeds on the shore should be cleaned, small container garbage should be removed, and aquatic plants should be washed frequently. Water should be changed at least once a week, and the inner walls of containers should be cleaned to remove insect eggs and prevent mosquito breeding. 3. Improve self diagnosis awareness. After living in or traveling to areas with Aedes mosquitoes, it is necessary to closely monitor one's own health status. If symptoms such as fever, rash, joint and muscle pain occur, seek medical attention in a timely manner, and inform the doctor of one's recent travel history and mosquito bite history. 2、 The pathogens of acute respiratory infection caused by acute respiratory infectious diseases include mycoplasma pneumoniae, rhinovirus, common coronavirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumonic virus, etc. Recent surveillance of respiratory pathogens in China has shown a high positive rate for rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus detection. After the cold dew, the weather gradually becomes colder, the virus's survival time in the outside world is prolonged, and the risk of respiratory infectious disease transmission increases. Main protective measures: 1. Maintain good hygiene habits. When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with tissues, towels, etc; Wash your hands frequently and try to avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with your hands; Balanced diet, moderate exercise, adequate rest, etc. 2. Seek medical attention promptly when experiencing fever and respiratory symptoms; When going to enclosed environments, crowded places, taking public transportation, or going to hospitals for treatment, one should actively wear a mask. 3. Pregnant women, young children, elderly people, and patients with chronic underlying diseases should actively receive relevant vaccines, such as influenza vaccine and pneumococcal vaccine, according to the applicable conditions for vaccination. 3、 Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common infectious disease in children caused by various enterovirus infections, with two peak outbreaks in spring, summer, and autumn; The incidence is mainly in children aged 5 and below, and key places such as kindergartens and schools are high-risk areas for clustered epidemics. It is mainly transmitted through the digestive tract and respiratory tract (droplets, coughing, sneezing, etc.), and can also be transmitted through contact with patients' oral and nasal secretions, skin or mucosal herpes fluid, and contaminated hands and objects. The main clinical features are fever and rash or herpes on the hands, mouth, feet, and other parts, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as cough, runny nose, and loss of appetite. Main protective measures: 1. Maintain good hygiene habits, regularly ventilate the room, and wash hands frequently. 2. Children's toys and frequently touched items should be cleaned and disinfected regularly. Bottles, pacifiers, and utensils used by infants and young children should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before and after use. Diapers for infants and young children should be cleaned, exposed to sunlight, or disinfected in a timely manner. 3. Try to avoid contact with sick children, avoid sharing utensils, towels, or other personal items with sick children, and prevent cross infection. 4. Vaccination with EV-A71 vaccine can effectively prevent hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by EV-A71 infection, and significantly reduce the severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease. It is recommended that children over 6 months of age complete the full vaccination before 12 months of age. 4、 Norovirus enteritis can occur throughout the year, with a high incidence of Norovirus infection from October to March of the following year. There are often clustered outbreaks in schools and travel groups. It is mainly transmitted through consumption of contaminated food, consumption of contaminated water, or contact with patient feces or vomit or contaminated items, environment, etc. The common symptoms mainly include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Adults usually have diarrhea as the main symptom, while children are more likely to experience vomiting. Main protective measures: 1. Pay attention to washing hands frequently, especially before meals, after defecation, and before processing food. 2. Pay attention to food and water hygiene, try to eat cooked food, avoid raw or undercooked meat and seafood, clean fruits when eating, and drink boiled water or unopened packaged drinking water. 3. Surfaces contaminated with vomit or feces from patients should be promptly cleaned and disinfected with chlorine containing disinfectants or other effective disinfectants, and contaminated clothing or bed sheets should be immediately replaced and cleaned; Wear disposable gloves during cleaning and wash hands carefully after cleaning. 5、 Monkeypox is an acute infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus, characterized by symptoms such as fever, rash, and enlarged lymph nodes. The transmission route of monkeypox is mainly through direct contact with the secretions and exudate of the affected area of the patient. Common contact methods include sexual intercourse, close contact within the family, medical care contact, etc. Main protective measures: 1. Understand the knowledge of monkeypox prevention and control, enhance self-protection awareness, and maintain good hygiene habits. 2. Avoid close contact with monkeypox patients or those with suspicious symptoms. If there are suspected symptoms, seek medical attention promptly and inform the doctor of the suspected contact history. 3. When traveling to areas where monkeypox is prevalent, it is important to understand the monkeypox situation in advance and take personal protective measures. 4. Comply with relevant national regulations on entry and exit management, and cooperate in carrying out entry and exit quarantine. (New Society)