Industrial Internet is a strategic infrastructure for new industrialization and an important driving force for the development of new quality productivity. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee pointed out that we should promote the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy and develop the industrial Internet. In recent years, China's industrial Internet has flourished, technological innovation has continued to make breakthroughs, industrial ecology has continued to grow, and integrated applications have continued to deepen. In particular, with the accelerated application and in-depth empowerment of artificial intelligence and other technologies, the development of the industrial Internet is ushering in four new changes, injecting new momentum into the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry. In the past, the application of more "intelligent" artificial intelligence became the core engine. When solving the problem of "teacher experience", the Industrial Internet was more explicit and procedural in these "tacit knowledge", but in essence it was still the imitation and replication of human experience, which was difficult to break the upper limit of ability. Today, the role of AI enabled manufacturing industry in digital transformation is increasingly prominent. It is changing from an "auxiliary tool" of the industrial Internet to a "core engine", which is no longer a simple imitation, but a fundamental transcendence. One is intelligent decision-making, making traditional skills more scientific. By learning a large number of high-quality data sets accumulated in industrial Internet applications, AI can quickly become familiar with all links and various process parameters in the whole process of industrial manufacturing, especially those "master skills" and "unique skills" that can only be understood but not explained by teachers in the form of algorithm models. This not only achieves the digital accumulation of valuable experience, but also elevates traditional "skills" into modern "science", moving the production process from "knowing what it is" to "knowing why it is". The second is human-machine co creation, making industrial production digitalized. The implantation of artificial intelligence, a "super brain", endows the industrial Internet with the ability of real-time optimization and intelligent scheduling. It can command the "agile body" of industrial robots, and practice and operate the calculated optimal instructions in the physical world without any deviation, thus giving birth to powerful "industrial intelligent agents". We see that more and more industrial robots are being widely used in workshops, and more advanced forms of intelligent agents such as humanoid robots are also moving from concept to application, indicating that factories in the future will have stronger flexibility and adaptability. When the industrial Internet is equipped with "AI engine", the manufacturing industry can run out of "digital intelligence acceleration". In 2024, China's industrial added value will exceed 40 trillion yuan. Through the deep integration of industrial Internet and artificial intelligence, even a single percentage point increase in efficiency will mean an incremental value of 400 billion yuan, injecting tremendous momentum into the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry. The architecture is more "three-dimensional" from single point transformation to overall integration, and enterprises focus on "point breakthrough" and "local optimization" for the application of industrial Internet. Whether it is the internal transformation of a single production line or the external connection of upstream and downstream, the focus is often on solving efficiency problems in specific links, and there is no real connection between systems and between enterprises. Although this model has improved efficiency to some extent, it is difficult to form a systematic competitive advantage. Promoting innovation and development through integration is the main direction of the industrial Internet. After a lot of practice and summary, we regard "T-architecture" as the theoretical method of the industrial Internet to promote the digital transformation of manufacturing. The "horizontal" aspect of the "T-shaped architecture" focuses on IT technology and aims to connect the industry chain. It integrates IT systems from different manufacturing stages and business plans, achieving horizontal integration between enterprises and links towards the commonality of industrial clusters. Thus, in terms of supply and demand matching, centralized procurement, resource sharing, and integration of production and finance, a larger range of dynamic resource allocation and efficient collaboration can be achieved, forming a resilient industrial ecosystem. It is like building the "brain" of the entire industrial chain, allowing information flow, material flow, and capital flow to flow smoothly between enterprises, enhancing the resilience and efficiency of the entire industrial ecosystem. The "vertical" of the "T-shaped architecture" focuses on OT technology and aims to deepen production lines. It requires deeper interconnection and intercommunication of various links within the enterprise, such as equipment, production lines, workshops, factories, etc., to connect the entire process data link from bottom level equipment control to upper level management, and achieve transparent management and refined operation of all production factors. Like strengthening the "limbs" of a company, making the production execution system agile and controllable. The key to the combination of horizontal and vertical lies in the linkage between the "brain" and the "limbs", as well as the deep integration of IT and OT. This is not only the difficulty of industrial Internet construction, but also the focus of value creation. As of February 2025, China has cultivated over 230 excellent level, 1200 advanced level, and 30000 basic level intelligent factories, promoting the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry from "local optimization" to "global intelligence". Optimizing the layout of cloud network collaboration to ensure development security. In the past, many enterprises wanted to go to the cloud, but their biggest concern was "data security", fearing the leakage of core trade secrets. How to ensure the security and controllability of core data while using data in the cloud is the biggest concern for many enterprises, especially manufacturing companies. Now, with the accelerated evolution of industrial networks towards IP based, flat, and wireless directions, high-performance computing power is directly extended to the "doorstep" of enterprises through high-quality networks, so that enterprises do not need to move all their "belongings" to public platforms. We encourage enterprises to build "three clouds". The first one is "Edge Cloud", which is the "safe" of enterprises. It securely deploys business data such as process flow, production technology, and key parameters locally in the factory for calculation and processing, ensuring that core business secrets are not left the factory. China has over 6 million manufacturing enterprises with a large quantity and wide coverage, and there is a strong demand for data localization processing. Currently, the growth rate of edge cloud is the fastest, which is also an important sign of the accelerated digital transformation of the manufacturing industry. The second one is "Enterprise Cloud", which is the "office" of the enterprise. It mainly carries the general management systems of enterprises, such as finance, human resources, customer relationship management, etc. These systems do not require high real-time performance, but they require a high degree of stability and reliability. Deploying them on dedicated or public enterprise clouds can effectively reduce IT operation and maintenance costs and improve management efficiency. The third one is "Ecological Cloud", which is the "circle of friends" of enterprises. It is an open collaboration platform used for data sharing, business collaboration, and ecosystem building between enterprises and upstream and downstream suppliers, distributors, and partners. Through ecological cloud, enterprises can more conveniently integrate into the industry chain, jointly explore markets, and resist risks. The layout mode of "three clouds" ensures the security of core data and realizes the sharing of general data and collaboration of business ecology. At present, China's network and computing infrastructure construction has achieved remarkable results. As of July 2025, enterprise private networks cover more than 97% of prefecture level administrative regions in the country, and basic telecommunications enterprises have built 20000 virtual private networks for industrial enterprises. The pilot of 5G industrial independent private networks is being promoted in an orderly manner, providing a safe, reliable, and flexible development environment for the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry. Empowering a more "inclusive" service model towards being accessible and easy to use. In the past, small and medium-sized enterprises generally faced the problem of "wanting to switch but not daring to switch, and being able to switch but not". High costs, complex technology, and a lack of talent were the "three major mountains" that stood in front of them. Today, the service mode of industrial Internet has become more user-friendly, enabling SMEs to "afford and use well". One is the "subscription based" application, which significantly reduces the threshold for use. Traditional digital transformation requires enterprises to invest a huge amount of money in purchasing software and hardware at once. Nowadays, more and more service providers are launching "subscription based" services. Enterprises do not need to build their own data centers or purchase servers, and can use cloud based industrial software and computing resources on demand, monthly or annually for payment, just like subscribing to video memberships, greatly reducing the initial application threshold for digital transformation. The second is to package the plan, which significantly shortens the effective period. Small and medium-sized enterprises often lack professional IT teams, making it time-consuming and laborious to explore digital solutions from scratch. Now, there are a large number of "out of the box" industry solutions emerging in the market. These solutions are pre packaged "packages" by service providers based on a deep understanding of industry common needs, covering common scenarios such as production management, equipment monitoring, and order processing, allowing enterprises to quickly get started and achieve results without having to explore from scratch. The third is the "butler like" service, which effectively compensates for the shortcomings in capabilities. To address the shortage of talent and technology in small and medium-sized enterprises, a "digital butler" style personalized service model has emerged. A professional service provider team provides enterprises with full process accompanying services from diagnosis, planning, implementation, and operation, helping them solve various difficulties encountered during the transformation process step by step. The innovation of service mode effectively solves the transformation dilemma of small and medium-sized enterprises, so that the industrial Internet is no longer the exclusive property of large enterprises, but also the right assistant of small and medium-sized enterprises, which has injected a steady stream of endogenous power into the digital transformation of manufacturing industry. As of May 2025, over 87% of "specialized, refined, unique, and new" small and medium-sized enterprises in China have fully applied digitalization to core business processes such as research and development, production, and management. The new changes in the development of industrial Internet are the result of the simultaneous resonance of China's real economy and digital economy, the benign interaction between scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, and the integrated development of industrialization and informatization. In recent years, China's industrial development has shown strong resilience and vitality, and the industrial base of sustained growth has provided rich soil and broad space for the industrial Internet. These developments and changes fully demonstrate the great power of the new industrialization path with Chinese characteristics, and constantly enrich the connotation and extension of the industrial Internet. Looking forward to the future, we will seize the opportunity, take advantage of the new breakthrough of industrial Internet, promote the new development of digital transformation of manufacturing industry, and make greater contributions to promoting new industrialization. (New Society)