Recently, at the 3rd International Conference on Deep Space Exploration (Tiandu), Academician Wu Weiren, Chief Designer of China's lunar exploration project, Director and Chief Scientist of the Deep Space Exploration Laboratory, systematically introduced the international development trends and latest achievements in the field of asteroid exploration, defense and resource development and utilization, and proposed the concept of China's asteroid exploration, defense and resource development and utilization, while also issuing cooperation initiatives to international partners. Why carry out asteroid exploration, defense, and development? Wu Weiren introduced that there are billions of asteroids in the solar system, which are rich in resources such as iron, nickel, platinum group metals, and water ice, and have important economic value. They are the "living fossils" of the formation and evolution of the solar system. Meanwhile, near Earth asteroids are also one of the most potentially threatening celestial bodies in the solar system, and asteroid impacts have been listed by the United Nations as one of the top 20 disasters threatening human survival. At the beginning of 2025, the probability of an asteroid impact with the number 2024YR4 rose to 3.1%, causing significant global shaking. According to relevant data, as of March 2025, humans have discovered a total of 38171 near Earth objects, including 38048 near Earth asteroids and 123 near Earth comets. However, due to the difficulty of asteroid monitoring, only 1% of the actual number of near Earth asteroids have been cataloged, and a large number of near Earth asteroids have not yet achieved orbit cataloging. From the perspective of safeguarding Earth's security and human continuity, building asteroid defense capabilities is a common task for all mankind. ”Wu Weiren stated that as a responsible space power, China has the responsibility, obligation, and ability to contribute its wisdom and exert its strength, systematically build an asteroid detection and defense system, and work with countries around the world to defend our home planet. At present, asteroid discovery and monitoring mainly rely on three methods: ground-based optics, ground-based radar, and space-based infrared. Since the 1990s, the United States, Japan, and the European Space Agency have carried out over 10 asteroid exploration, defense, and resource exploration missions, achieving a series of significant scientific discoveries and proving that kinetic energy impact technology can effectively alter asteroid orbits. In recent years, the China National Space Administration has successively launched the Near Earth Asteroid Exploration Program and the demonstration and implementation of asteroid defense projects, explicitly proposing the construction of a Near Earth Asteroid Defense System. On May 29th of this year, Tianwen-2 probe was successfully launched, with the goal of sampling and returning the near Earth asteroid 2016HO3, and then conducting companion exploration of the main belt comet 311P. From the aspects of monitoring and early warning, in orbit disposal, and system response, Chinese scientists have proposed a strategic concept for building a relatively complete near Earth asteroid detection and defense system. One is to build a precise early warning and normal operation integrated monitoring and early warning system for heaven and earth. Form a ground-based monitoring network that combines multiple calibers, functions, and efficient collaboration to meet the needs of daily cataloging, threat warning, short-term forecasting, and other task scenarios; At the same time, a comprehensive service system for asteroid detection and defense will be established, with capabilities such as data collection, cataloging updates, and risk assessment, to achieve the business operation of asteroid detection and defense. Secondly, in terms of in orbit disposal, a disposal capability with "kinetic energy impact as the main focus and multiple complementary technologies" has been formed. Develop disposal spacecraft and in orbit evaluation spacecraft using various methods, establish a near Earth asteroid defense mission library, and develop disposal plans in advance for different sizes of asteroid impact risks, achieving the goal of "discovering and responding to risks as soon as possible". At present, China has built a 1-meter dedicated telescope for Purple Mountain Observatory, a 2.5-meter wide field survey telescope for Lenghu, as well as 2.16-meter telescopes for Xinglong, 2.4-meter and 1.8-meter telescopes for Lijiang; The "China Multi Aperture Radar" plan aims to construct 25 30 meter aperture radars, which will have the ability to detect and image asteroids millions of kilometers away with high precision after completion. This will initially form a ground-based monitoring network that combines multiple apertures, multiple functions, and efficient collaboration. When we discover an asteroid that poses a potential threat to Earth and the warning level reaches a certain level, we need to carry out in orbit disposal. ”Wu Weiren said that China is currently demonstrating a kinetic energy impact disposal plan and conducting research on various long-term disposal methods such as laser ablation and adhesion push off. Wu Weiren introduced that in the near future, China will carry out a kinetic energy impact demonstration and verification mission on an asteroid that poses a potential threat to the Earth. The mission is planned to adopt a "companion flight+impact+companion flight" mode, launching observers and impactors - the observers arrive early to conduct close range observations of the target asteroid and obtain its detailed characteristic parameters; Then, the impactor will carry out high-speed impact on the asteroid, and the entire impact process will be carried out through a joint approach between heaven and earth, using techniques such as close range high-speed imaging to observe changes in the asteroid's orbit, morphology, and ejecta, accurately evaluating the impact effect. The development and utilization of asteroid resources is not only an important direction for deep space exploration, but also a core support for future space economy and extraterrestrial resource supply. The continuous breakthroughs in new technologies such as space nuclear energy, quantum technology, and embodied intelligence will vigorously promote the development and utilization of asteroid resources towards intelligent, low-cost, and commercial operation models, gradually forming a large-scale asteroid resource development and utilization industry chain. Asteroid exploration, defense, and resource development and utilization have complex engineering systems, enormous industrial and economic potential, and high technical difficulties in orbit implementation, making them suitable for international cooperation. To this end, Wu Weiren proposed that the world should actively cooperate in ground joint monitoring, joint research and development, payload carrying, data and achievement sharing, etc., build an asteroid defense system, develop deep space economy, protect our home planet, and continue human civilization. (New Society)