The "Cell GPS" module includes signal peptides and transmembrane anchors. Signal peptides are responsible for directing mRNA encoded proteins to the correct location, while transmembrane anchors fix them on the cell membrane. Yale University researchers have developed a novel mRNA vaccine platform aimed at significantly enhancing immune responses, improving the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines, and expanding their potential applications in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. This study, published in the latest issue of Nature Biomedical Engineering, suggests that this vaccine platform technology can make future mRNA vaccines more reliable and effective. MRNA vaccines have become increasingly well-known in recent years. Their principle is to provide genetic instructions to human cells, allowing them to produce specific viral proteins on their own, thereby triggering an immune response. However, this technological approach has limited effectiveness in addressing certain diseases, which requires researchers to continuously optimize their delivery systems. Researchers have found that the key to the difference in efficacy of mRNA vaccines lies in whether the antigen can be effectively recognized by the immune system. Antigens must appear on the surface of cells in order to be detected by the immune system, but some antigens encoded by mRNA may remain inside the cell, making it difficult to trigger a sufficient immune response. To address this issue, researchers have developed a new technology called the Molecular Vaccine Platform (MVP). The platform attaches a "cellular GPS" module to mRNA encoded proteins to guide their efficient transport to the cell surface, thereby enhancing antigen exposure and improving the immune system's recognition and response capabilities. This "cellular GPS" module is composed of natural membrane protein elements, including signal peptides and transmembrane anchors. Signal peptides are responsible for directing proteins to the correct position, while transmembrane anchors fix them on the cell membrane to ensure their stable expression. In laboratory tests, researchers applied the platform to various pathogens such as monkeypox, human papillomavirus (HPV), and varicella zoster virus (causing shingles), and the results showed stronger antigen expression, higher antibody levels, and more active T cell responses. Researchers are committed to expanding this technology to a wider range of disease fields such as cancer, AIDS and autoimmune diseases, and promoting mRNA technology from infectious disease prevention and control to comprehensive medical application. The "Molecular Vaccine Platform" has successfully solved the key problem of insufficient antigen exposure in traditional vaccines by innovatively adding a "cellular GPS" module to mRNA encoded proteins. By precisely guiding protein transport to the cell surface, this technology not only greatly improves the efficiency of antigen presentation, but also enables the immune system to quickly and accurately recognize foreign threats, thereby triggering stronger and more sustained immune responses. From the perspective of application prospects, the "molecular vaccine platform" has a wide range of applicability, which is expected to accelerate the research and development process of new vaccines, reduce research and development costs and cycles, and promote vaccine technology to new heights. (New Society)