As one of the popular tracks in the future industry, brain computer interfaces have ushered in a development roadmap. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and seven other departments recently jointly issued the "Implementation Opinions on Promoting Innovative Development of the Brain Computer Interface Industry", proposing a two-step goal: by 2027, the performance of electrodes, chips, and complete machine products will reach the international advanced level, and by 2030, the comprehensive strength of the industry will enter the forefront of the world. Brain computer interface is a typical representative of future industries. Simply put, brain computer interface is the establishment of an information channel between the brain and machines, collecting brain signals and allowing machines to understand them, thereby enabling collaborative communication and interaction between the two. On the one hand, brain computer interface is a cutting-edge technology in the integration of life sciences and information sciences, which can drive technological breakthroughs in multiple fields and help China seize the high ground of technological competition. On the other hand, brain computer interfaces can assist in the treatment of brain diseases, aid in rehabilitation, and meet the needs of people's livelihoods in the field of healthcare; In the fields of industrial manufacturing, daily consumption, etc., we can explore new applications, cultivate new growth points, and accelerate the formation of new quality productivity. China has multiple advantages in developing the brain computer interface industry. From a technical perspective, China is in a leading position in the field of non-invasive brain computer interfaces. From the perspective of industrial foundation, China has formed a preliminary chain from core components to terminal applications, and a group of specialized, refined, and innovative enterprises have grown rapidly. From the perspective of market demand, the medical rehabilitation needs brought about by China's aging population and the upgrading of industrial intelligence provide vast space for technology implementation. Currently, China's brain computer interface innovation achievements continue to emerge, and the industry is accelerating its growth, nurturing disruptive breakthroughs and becoming an important field for the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation. Public data shows that the market size of China's brain computer interface will reach 3.2 billion yuan in 2024, and is expected to reach 6.14 billion yuan by 2028. The development of the brain computer interface industry requires both basic software and hardware. Among them, hardware is like the "body" of the brain computer interface. For example, to capture signals from the brain, electrodes are used, and currently there are two main methods: implantable electrodes and non implantable electrodes. Non implantable electrodes capture signals roughly, but are safe and convenient, suitable for simple scenarios; Implantable electrodes capture signals accurately, but there are surgical risks, making them suitable for complex scenarios. The ability of electrodes to capture signals depends on the stability of materials and the sensitivity of sensors. The conversion of signals into machine readable language relies on chips, including acquisition chips, processing chips, communication chips, etc. If these chips are not strong enough, the signal processing will be slow and prone to errors. Software is the 'brain' of the brain computer interface, which functions to make signals' speak '. Encoding and decoding software should be smarter. For example, if you want to "move", it can immediately translate to the machine and optimize itself to adapt to different scenarios. The control interaction software should be precise, making the machine obedient and not chaotic when doing multiple tasks together. Operating systems and platforms are like "butlers" that can integrate various data, be compatible with different algorithms, and allow users to edit on their own, making it more convenient to use. These software make the "conversation" between the brain and the machine smoother, like assigning a thoughtful translator and dispatcher to both parties. Breaking through weaknesses requires a combination of both soft and hard measures. On the hardware side, non implantable electrode signals are not clear enough, and implantable electrodes face dual challenges of biocompatibility and surgical risks. Balancing chip computing power and power consumption is still a difficult problem to overcome. We need to develop new biocompatible materials to solve the problem of implanted electrode rejection and improve long-term stability; Optimize anti-interference design to improve signal accuracy; Strengthen noise suppression technology, reduce processing chip power consumption, enhance communication chip anti-interference ability, etc. On the software side, signal decoding algorithms are difficult to accurately capture complex EEG intentions, and the ability to fuse multimodal data urgently needs to be improved. To apply artificial intelligence technology to optimize decoding capabilities, improve the accuracy and response speed of complex brain signal interpretation, and enhance scene universality; Upgrade the multitasking capability of control interaction software, develop a highly compatible dedicated operating system, achieve collaboration between different devices and algorithms, and improve user experience. Brain computer interfaces are accelerating from the laboratory to industrialization. Seizing the key to breakthroughs in both soft and hard approaches, and continuously consolidating the foundation of innovation, China is expected to seize the opportunity in this future track, allowing technological dividends to benefit more fields such as healthcare, industry, and daily life, and writing a new chapter in industrial transformation. (New Society)