The Global Neurodegenerative Proteomic Consortium (GNPC), a large-scale international collaborative research project, has published analysis results on one of the world's largest protein datasets (250 million proteins), providing a new "molecular map" for the biological basis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This collection of papers was published on the 15th in the journals Nature Medicine and Nature Aging, revealing unique protein biomarkers associated with neurodegenerative diseases and aging processes, with the potential to detect such diseases early and improve disease outcomes. Bill Gates commented in his "World Vision" article in Nature Medicine: "Major breakthroughs such as blood based diagnostic tests and approved antibody therapies are finally starting to turn the tide. We are closer than ever to the day when a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease no longer equals a death sentence... GNPC is a perfect example of scientists working together around the world. ”Neurodegenerative diseases pose an increasingly severe global health challenge, affecting over 57 million people worldwide, and the number is expected to double every 20 years. However, efforts to find effective therapies have been limited by the difficulty of diagnosis and insufficient understanding of disease mechanisms. Biomarkers can help clinicians identify and diagnose neurodegenerative diseases earlier, and find better treatment methods, but there are challenges in constructing large-scale and diverse datasets for analysis, which hinder research progress. By utilizing advanced technology to study proteins, scientists have begun to decipher the complex molecular map of neurodegenerative diseases, bringing hope for early diagnosis and targeted therapy. In their flagship paper, the GNPC team reported one of the largest protein datasets, containing approximately 250 million unique protein detection data from 35000 biological fluid samples. These samples include plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, provided by 23 research groups worldwide, as well as relevant clinical data. The team identified specific proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In three other related papers from GNPC, the project team identified disease-specific plasma biomarker profiles, as well as a protein feature shared by Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and frontotemporal dementia; Identified a cerebrospinal fluid and plasma protein feature associated with carriers of the APOE ε 4 allele; Age related changes in cognitive function related proteins have been identified. The project team points out that international cooperation, data sharing, and the utilization of diverse datasets are crucial for accelerating the discovery of neurodegenerative disease research. The editor in chief pointed out that neurodegenerative diseases used to be almost incurable. But by analyzing tens of thousands of samples, scientists have discovered many disease specific proteins that can be detected in the blood, which means that in the future, disease risk can be predicted 5-10 years before symptoms appear by simply drawing blood. Early intervention, such as lifestyle adjustments and the use of targeted drugs, can significantly delay the onset of the disease. The failure rate of traditional drug development is high, while hundreds of new drug targets discovered based on big data will match the best therapy according to patient protein mass spectrometry typing, or accurately eliminate pathogenic proteins. Let us look forward to a future where humans can work together to control and even treat Alzheimer's disease. (New Society)