The mental health of children and adolescents affects the hearts of every family. The National Health Commission has designated 2025-2027 as the "Year of Pediatric and Mental Health Services" to promote the expansion of mental health and mental health services. As a key group of people widely concerned by society, behind the frequent occurrence of psychological problems in children and adolescents is the interweaving of multiple factors such as academic pressure, complex interpersonal relationships, and family relationships. How to identify potential psychological issues in children? How do parents adjust their educational methods? How to fully equip the team of psychological teachers in schools... A reporter from Beijing Youth Daily visited and found that Beijing is carrying out relevant attempts, with families, schools, and communities working together to care for the mental health of children and adolescents. ·The first epidemiological survey on the prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents in China was launched at the end of 2012, with a sample of approximately 74000 children and adolescents from five provinces (cities) including Beijing and Liaoning. The research results show that the total prevalence of mental disorders among school students aged 6-16 is 17.5%, with depression disorders accounting for 3.2% and anxiety disorders accounting for 4.7%. In 2023, a joint investigation by the Beijing Women's Federation and Beijing Children's Hospital found that many primary and secondary school students indeed have mental health problems. Last year, Xiao Ke (pseudonym) failed to get into his ideal high school after finishing the high school entrance examination. Due to her inability to adapt to high school life, her English and chemistry grades have always been weak. After a semester, Xiaoke's mother spent a lot of money to hire a tutor for her, but the effect was never satisfactory. Every time she comes home, Xiaoke's parents and grandmother are most concerned about her grades. During a phone call, Xiao Ke confided in his English teacher, "I feel a lot of pressure. My parents have invested a lot in my studies, but I still can't satisfy them and feel very guilty." A full-time psychological teacher at a key high school in Beijing told a reporter from Beijing Youth Daily that the psychological problems of children and adolescents are multifaceted, including learning adaptability issues, improper handling of learning pressure, or emotional processing problems caused by interpersonal communication, family relationships, and so on. If not intervened and guided in a timely manner, adverse consequences such as self harm and self injury may occur. The teacher revealed that compared to previous students, these phenomena have appeared more frequently in recent years. For medical practitioners on the front line of treatment, the experience of such changes is also very intuitive. Li Xianyun, chief physician and professor of psychiatry at Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, observed in clinical work that in recent years, the number of children and adolescents seeking help in psychiatric clinics has been increasing, and there is a trend towards younger age groups. My clinic is not specifically designed for children and adolescents, but among the patients who come for treatment, children and adolescents account for at least 60%. The factors that influence the psychological development of children and adolescents due to academic, interpersonal, or psychological problems are multifaceted, including genetic factors, changes in children's own social cognition and other internal factors, as well as external factors from family, school, society, and other aspects. Among them, school is the environment where children and adolescents have the longest exposure time apart from their families. As a professional in the field of spirituality and a member of the Beijing Municipal Political Consultative Conference, Li Xianyun maintains close communication with many primary and secondary schools in the city on a regular basis. She found that in school, teachers' attitudes, educational methods, and teacher-student interaction patterns can easily affect students' psychology. Li Xianyun said that teachers are accustomed to helping children discover problems and cultivate learning habits. The starting point is not wrong, but sometimes they may overcorrect and ignore the problems that children will inevitably face at a certain stage of growth, as well as their diversity. For example, some children are good at Chinese and some are good at art, but the teacher may want them to achieve balanced development in all subjects, so they will think of 'pushing' them. Some children may not pay too much attention to the teacher's suggestions and criticisms, but some children are sensitive and particularly concerned about the teacher's evaluation of themselves, and they want to improve, but cannot achieve immediate results. Highly sensitive children are prone to psychological problems. In fact, in the process of education, we should learn to appreciate children, respect their personalities, and guide them to learn to appreciate themselves. In response to the child's shortcomings, we can help them find ways to improve together. If they really cannot improve, then guide the child to accept themselves, and not 'force the seedlings to grow,' "said Li Xianyun. Interpersonal conflicts are also worthy of vigilance. After about a year of treatment, Xiaoyu (pseudonym)'s severe depression has improved. Now, she can sleep a whole night and her spirits have been boosted compared to before. Before seeking medical treatment, she only slept for two to three hours every night. Originally, due to a small incident being misunderstood by her closest classmates and being neglected and isolated for a long time, Xiaoyu was subjected to strange looks from around and gradually became withdrawn. The increasing psychological pressure is preventing her from studying normally. Xiaoyu was forced to take a semester off from school and, accompanied by her family, went to the Sixth Hospital of Peking University for treatment. She was diagnosed with severe depression. The aforementioned psychological teacher told a reporter from Beiqing Daily that children nowadays live in the era of the internet, and there is a lack of face-to-face communication offline. Some students' ways of expressing their needs and emotions are not smooth. Some students may directly curse or 'block' each other when they encounter problems, which can easily affect interpersonal relationships, trigger conflicts between classmates, and ultimately affect the child's mental health. Expecting and ignoring some dark psychological circles, Xiaoke's parents have invested a huge amount of effort and financial resources in her studies. Xiao Ke's parents come from rural areas and believe that studying is the only way for children to succeed and change their destiny. From purchasing a school district house, attending extracurricular tutoring classes, and providing full-time companionship, the family has put in their utmost effort. After school and returning home, the family's greetings to Xiaoke are mostly "How are your exam results?" "Did you ask the teacher about anything you don't understand?" "Do you want to strengthen your English class?" Xiaoke said that besides studying, no one cares about whether they are happy or not. "I am the youngest of the five cousins and sisters in my family. They always tell me that my brothers and sisters have nothing else to do but look at me." This kind of "desperate" expectation made Xiaoke feel like he was carrying the "hope of the whole family". However, the performance is not commensurate with the investment of parents, and the "sunk costs" and high expectations make Xiao Ke increasingly uncomfortable. After school, Xiaoke locked himself in his room, had little communication with his parents, and rarely went out to play during holidays. He basically played games at home with his phone in his arms. In Xiao Ke's mother's eyes, she worked hard to support her child's education, but the child did not understand her good intentions. Due to these reasons, Xiao Ke often conflicts with his parents, and the parent-child relationship falls into a vicious cycle of "high investment low feedback conflict escalation". This is a typical pattern in many families. Li Xianyun told a reporter from Beiqing Daily that many parents focus on their children's grades when communicating with teachers, and basically ignore their children's psychological needs. If a child experiences emotional problems, some parents may simplify the process by saying, "You don't have to worry about food and clothing, I've given you everything, why are you being so sentimental?" Little do they know, this approach has hidden hidden dangers in the child's heart. Li Xianyun found that most families who bring their children for medical treatment have these problems: parents are overly harsh on their children and are accustomed to adopting a repressive education approach; Or unconditional indulgence, taking care of everything; Parents themselves are emotionally unstable, prone to anxiety, worry, mood swings, and even verbally abuse, physically abuse, and mistreat their children. After communication, Xiaoke's mother began to realize the psychological changes in her child. When it comes to studying, Xiaoke feels down and at a loss. I used to put too much pressure on my children, and I feel sorry for myself. "She began to actively communicate with Xiaoke's teachers to understand her psychological state. She also learned a lot of psychological knowledge online and even wanted to take Xiaoke for psychological counseling, trying to improve the parent-child relationship. For parents, being able to acknowledge and face their children's psychological problems is also a hurdle. In the outpatient clinic, Li Xianyun found that some parents have a serious sense of shame and cannot accept reality. Some even evade or refuse to take their children to see a doctor, resulting in the child's psychological problems worsening and having no choice but to seek medical treatment. Li Xianyun said that some children can walk out on their own, but others are prone to extreme consequences such as severe depression, severe anxiety and fear, alcohol abuse, drug dependence, and even self harm. Once signs are detected, parents must intervene early and seek professional help. Li Xianyun suggested that schools can regularly hold lectures for parents or recommend some psychological knowledge reading materials to help parents enrich their psychological knowledge together. In the "Action Plan for Comprehensively Strengthening and Improving the Mental Health of Primary and Secondary School Students in the New Era (2023-2025)" released by the Beijing Municipal Education Commission, it has also been clearly stated that the city will strengthen family education guidance services and conduct at least one mental health knowledge education for parents every semester. ·Response: Provide more support to professional mental health teachers. For a long time, the education department has been paying attention to the mental health of children and adolescents, and continuous monitoring of mental health in schools has been carried out. According to the requirements of the Municipal Education Commission, each district education commission should establish or rely on professional institutions to take the lead in organizing the monitoring of students' mental health status in primary and secondary schools within the region. An annual mental health assessment should be conducted for the upper grades of primary schools (fourth grade and above), middle schools, and high schools. According to the requirement of "one person, one file", establish electronic records of students' mental health status and do a good job in tracking and monitoring the entire process. Li Xianyun believes that screening needs to be combined with intervention. If problems are found but there is no follow-up support, screening becomes meaningless. In addition, screening mainly relies on students' active reporting, and some children may conceal it, which may lead to "fish that slip through the net". She suggested that teachers should observe, communicate, and interact more in their daily lives. This requires key personnel on campus to possess psychological knowledge and skills. How to identify? Li Xianyun suggests that children's speech and behavior should be carefully observed. "For example, some children like to move around in class, or their attention is not focused. Some children are prone to disputes with others in interpersonal communication. Some are prone to low mood or anxiety. Some children may suddenly become unkempt, dirty, and not take a shower for a long time. These abnormal situations are relatively obvious. Once discovered, teachers can take the initiative to chat and ask children." Li Xianyun found during research and visits that in terms of school teacher staffing, some primary and secondary school psychological teachers have insufficient teaching resources, some teachers have limited psychological knowledge and skills, and there are situations where the utilization of school psychological services is low and the services cannot meet the needs. The sentence is:. The emphasis, funding, and training investment in psychological courses vary among primary and secondary schools, and the degree of attention given to students' psychological issues also differs among schools. There are gaps in the implementation of mental health education. The reporter from Beiqing Daily also learned from some districts that there is indeed a shortage of full-time psychological teachers in primary schools compared to middle and high schools. It is worth noting that the Beijing Municipal Education Commission has put the construction of the mental health teacher team on the agenda. In January 2024, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission released the "Action Plan for Strengthening and Improving the Mental Health of Primary and Secondary School Students in the New Era (2023-2025)". It is proposed that each primary and secondary school in Beijing should be equipped with at least one full-time mental health education teacher. Schools with a student population of 500 or more, group based education, and schools with multiple campuses should be appropriately managed