Humanoid robots are a product of the deep integration of artificial intelligence technology and robotics technology. In recent years, there have been breakthroughs and practical applications in multiple technological routes for humanoid robots. Many companies have launched relatively mature and low-priced robot products, bringing humanoid robots into the public eye. The world's first humanoid robot half marathon held in Beijing in April further boosted the popularity of humanoid robots. What impact will the development of humanoid robots have in the industrial field where robot applications are more common? Can we further transform and upgrade the industry, and promote another transformation of the industry? Compared to traditional robots, humanoid robots have outstanding features and advantages, and have made significant progress in fields such as mechanical construction, intelligence, and humanoid biomimetics. One is the breakthrough in construction machinery. The gradual maturity of humanoid robots' bipedal standing and running, five finger grasping, and other movements has promoted the development of transmission systems, mechanical design, structural design, motion control, environmental perception, and other technologies, enabling robots to operate stably and perform diverse tasks in complex environments. Secondly, a breakthrough in intellectual level has been achieved. Empowered by sensing technology and artificial intelligence, humanoid robots have achieved stronger perception of the external world and are able to actively adapt to changes in the external environment, which gives robots stronger autonomy and flexibility. Thirdly, a breakthrough has been achieved in anthropomorphism and biomimicry. The appearance design of humanoid robots has a stronger sense of closeness, and the interaction with humans is more convenient. Users do not need to learn specifically, and can give instructions to robots through human language, which enables robots to enter more non specialized application fields. Despite the rapid development of humanoid robots, their current application scenarios mainly include display, guidance, companionship, etc., mostly belonging to service robots or professional robots. Compared to others, traditional industrial robots have a longer development history, higher levels of technical expertise, and a greater pursuit of safety, efficiency, and stability. Firstly, industrial production is based on the principle of safety, and the use of industrial robots must ensure the safety of workers and factories. This is manifested in the physical isolation of the working space of industrial robots from humans. The use of industrial robots requires professional knowledge and skills, and modifications to robot parameters are not allowed without authorization. The humanoid robots used in the service industry generally do not cause significant personal and property damage, and their operation is also simpler. Secondly, industrial production emphasizes efficiency first, and industrial robots sacrifice flexibility and diversity to highlight specialization. At present, most industrial robots are specifically designed for a certain step on the assembly line, such as welding robots, spraying robots, palletizing robots, transportation robots, grasping robots, etc. The mechanical design of these robots is aimed at completing specialized tasks, enhancing their performance in terms of strength, speed, accuracy, etc., while sacrificing other unnecessary functions to achieve higher production efficiency. The anthropomorphism of humanoid robots can indeed broaden the application fields of robots, but it is difficult to achieve high efficiency and stability on a single task. Thirdly, the industrial production mode of assembly lines emphasizes collaboration based on division of labor. Industrial robots focus on continuity on the production line and cooperation between robots, and generally do not operate independently. For example, welding robots on the automobile manufacturing assembly line usually work in groups of 4 to 6 simultaneously to meet the specific requirements of different welding points and save time for changing welding heads. In the service industry and household scenarios, it is not suitable to use multiple robots simultaneously. Humanoid robots need to have independent working ability, but this will also lose the high efficiency brought by the cooperation of multiple robots. It can be seen that different types of robots have their own areas of expertise. Currently, humanoid robots are more suitable for commercial and household applications, and their reliability and cost-effectiveness in industrial production are lower than traditional industrial robots. Nevertheless, as an important validation platform for robot technology and processes, humanoid robots can promote further optimization of robot power systems, perception systems, and control systems. Their development philosophy will also provide important insights for the future development of industrial robots, which will have a sustained impact on the development of industrial mechanization and intelligence. Humanoid robots can promote the development of "human-machine integration" in industrial production. For safety reasons, traditional industrial robots cannot be touched or even approached by humans during operation, while "human-machine integration" is the use of technological means to break down physical barriers between humans and machines, better leverage their advantages, achieve higher efficiency, and complete more complex tasks. Around 2015, major robot manufacturers began to promote collaborative robots that could work on the same platform as human partners, and rapidly expanded their product lines, such as Fanuc's CR and CRX series, ABB's YuMi, SWIFTI, GoFa series, Yaskawa's HC series, KUKA's LBR iiwa series, and so on. Collaborative robots share space with humans, work together to complete tasks and ensure human safety. They have been applied in industrial industries such as automotive manufacturing, electronic information, metal processing, and biomedicine, becoming a new member of the industrial robot family and further improving industrial production efficiency. Humanoid robots themselves have the characteristic of frequent physical contact with humans, and their sensing technology, trajectory calculation technology, and motion control technology can be applied to the design and manufacturing of collaborative robots. In addition, the concept and logic of coexistence between humanoid robots and humans can also provide important references for the development of collaborative robots. Humanoid robots can promote industrial digitization and upgrading. Traditional industrial robots work according to pre written programs, making it difficult to perceive changes in the external environment, let alone achieve self adjustment and optimization based on environmental changes. Even small problems require the help of engineers or technical workers. Most humanoid robots possess intelligent perception and environmental adaptation capabilities, enabling autonomous decision-making and task planning, achieving multimodal fusion and interaction, and even autonomous learning and self optimization. The mature development of these technologies contributes to the intelligent upgrading of industrial robots. At present, some industrial robots implanted with artificial intelligence systems have been applied in industries with many and complex components such as semiconductors, electronic information, food, and mechanical processing. Robots can accurately and quickly grasp various scattered components on the assembly line, or execute differentiated programs according to different processing objects. For example, intelligent welding robots can autonomously recognize multiple types of small batch workpieces, analyze the structure and spatial relationships of workpieces, and autonomously execute welding processes and driving programs for robotic arms, greatly saving equipment debugging time. In addition, the more user-friendly human-machine interaction methods of humanoid robots can also be borrowed by industrial robots. For example, Omron proposed a new manufacturing concept where robots can accept human language instructions to autonomously generate a production process for processing components, programming, and debugging can be completed by robots themselves without human involvement. Humanoid robots contribute to the development of industrial robots' mobility. Except for automatic guided vehicles used for cargo handling and guide rail robots that can move within a limited range, the vast majority of traditional industrial robots are fixed and immovable, and any local position adjustment requires strict demonstration and verification. Although this ensures the safety and reliability of industrial large-scale manufacturing, it also greatly sacrifices flexibility and is difficult to meet the requirements of low-cost large-scale customized production. Humanoid robots have highly autonomous mobility features, and their mature technologies such as wireless positioning, trajectory planning, collision avoidance, and movable design concepts can promote the development of industrial robots' mobility, thereby achieving the flexibility and reconfigurability of future factories. Of course, in industrial production, to achieve autonomous movement of robots, wheeled or tracked robots are superior to bipedal humanoid robots. In recent years, composite mobile robots that integrate multi joint robots, Cartesian coordinate robots, and automatic guided vehicles have developed rapidly, achieving the mobility of small and medium-sized industrial robots. In summary, among various types of robots, industrial robots and humanoid robots belong to different technological routes and are suitable for different scenarios. Although humanoid robots may not be widely used in factories in the short term, they can provide relevant technologies and concepts to make future industrial production more efficient, flexible, safe, and intelligent. Author: Deng Zhou (Director and Researcher of the Industrial Development Research Office at the Institute of Industrial Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)