Technological innovation is a key variable in promoting the development of productivity. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "scientific and technological innovation can give birth to new industries, new models, and new driving forces, and is the core element of developing new quality productivity. We must continue to do a good job in innovation and promote the accelerated development of new quality productivity." General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourse on developing new quality productivity clarifies that scientific and technological innovation is the core element of developing new quality productivity, enriches and develops Marxist productivity theory, and provides us with fundamental guidance for accurately grasping the laws of productivity development, promoting high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, and accelerating the construction of a strong country in science and technology. Practice shows that the key to Chinese path to modernization is to seize the commanding height of new quality productivity with scientific and technological innovation, and to achieve self-reliance in high-level science and technology. It is an important strategic deployment based on rich historical experience and profound international comparison. From historical experience and international comparison, it is urgent to achieve high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement. Looking back at world history, the level of technological development often determines a country's position on the world stage, and technological revolution is closely linked to the rise and fall of a country. In the 1860s, Britain was the first to initiate the first industrial revolution and entered the era of mechanized production. The technological innovation represented by the steam engine propelled the rapid development of industries such as textiles, coal, and steel, driving the British economy to soar and rapidly rise to become the "empire where the sun never sets". The UK's leading position in the field of technology has earned it a long-term dominant advantage in international trade, military power, and global political games. In the 1870s, the Second Industrial Revolution emerged and new technologies such as electricity and internal combustion engines were widely applied. The United States made significant breakthroughs in both electricity technology and large-scale production technology. The rapid rise of companies such as General Electric and Ford Motor has driven the rapid development of related industries such as steel, chemical, and petroleum. At the beginning of the 20th century, the United States surpassed Britain to become the world's largest economy through technological innovation, and in the following decades, it consolidated and expanded its leading advantage through continuous technological innovation. The technological revolution not only brings about a leap in productivity, but also reshapes the power balance between countries. The experience of modern China profoundly reveals the painful consequences of technological backwardness. In the Opium War, Britain defeated the outdated and technologically backward Qing army with advanced ships and cannons, opening the door to China. Afterwards, a series of wars followed one after another, and the Qing government was forced to sign multiple humiliating treaties. The country fell into a serious crisis and gradually became a semi colonial and semi feudal society. The main reasons for the backwardness and weakness of modern China are twofold: firstly, the corruption and incompetence of the ruling class, and secondly, the backwardness of science and technology. Specifically, the feudal monarchical autocracy was highly strengthened, and the policy of isolationism restricted foreign exchange and learning, making it difficult to keep up with the trend of world development; The self-sufficient natural economy dominates, lacking the drive and demand for technological innovation, and the slow development of capitalist sprouts makes it difficult to promote technological progress; The industrial foundation is weak, mainly consisting of agriculture and traditional handicrafts, with low production efficiency and technological level; There is no established modern science education system, and technology is mostly based on experience summary, lacking a theoretical system and experimental methods of modern science, making it difficult to cultivate talents with innovative ability and scientific literacy. History has shown that if a country lags behind in technological development, it will inevitably be at a disadvantage in international competition and even face a crisis of national survival and development. From an international comparative perspective, technological strength has become a key indicator for measuring a country's comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness. In today's world, major developed countries consider technological innovation as a core strategy for national development. In the era of globalization, international competition is becoming increasingly fierce, and technological strength determines international competitiveness. Taking the United States as an example, it has invested heavily in the field of technology for a long time, with numerous world-class research institutions and universities, attracting and cultivating a large number of outstanding scientific and technological talents from around the world. These talents have achieved leading results in many cutting-edge fields such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and information technology. The US government encourages businesses and research institutions to engage in innovative activities through policies such as tax incentives and research funding. American tech giants hold a dominant position globally, and their strong technological capabilities support the sustained growth of the US economy, placing them in a high-end position in the global industrial and supply chains for a long time, providing solid support for the US military, diplomacy, and other aspects. In Europe, the EU also attaches great importance to technological innovation, integrates scientific research resources from various European countries, and strengthens research and development cooperation in key areas. The EU has strong technological capabilities in fields such as aerospace, new energy, high-end manufacturing, and biomedicine. Germany actively implements the Industry 4.0 strategy, promotes the deep integration of manufacturing with digital and intelligent technologies, continuously consolidates its position as a manufacturing powerhouse, and leads the world in technology in areas such as automobile manufacturing and industrial automation; France has advanced technology in aerospace, nuclear energy and other fields, and has a large number of world-renowned technology companies. In Asia, Japan vigorously introduced advanced foreign technologies and digested and absorbed them for further innovation after World War II, achieving rapid economic rise and remarkable achievements in fields such as electronics, automobiles, and materials, with numerous globally renowned corporate brands. Breaking through the "intermediate technology trap" calls for high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement. Since modern times, social and political changes have been initiated and created by economic factors such as the industrial revolution. From the perspective of technological change, we can better understand the driving mechanism of social progress. The academic community believes that there exists a phenomenon of the 'medium tech trap' in the world. The so-called 'medium technology trap' refers to an economy that relies on technology diffusion and other means to achieve certain technological improvements in the early stages of development, but struggles to form original technological innovation capabilities from scratch when moving towards high-income economies, and cannot achieve upgrading in existing technological fields, resulting in long-term stagnation of technological level and economic growth. Common situations include: developing countries undertaking the transfer of mature industrial capacity from developed countries, and local enterprises being unable to achieve technological transformation and upgrading after exhausting the "dividends"; The lack of free space and external communication in scientific research makes it difficult for technology to continue advancing; The serious loss of scientific and technological talents hinders sustainable development; Faced with suppression and technological blockade from developed countries. International experience shows that an economy can develop from a low level to a middle-income level through the diffusion of technology from developed economies. However, except for some smaller economies, it is difficult for large economies to achieve a leap from middle-income to high-income economies solely through technology diffusion. Some developing countries are at a disadvantage in international competition due to insufficient investment in technology and weak innovation capabilities. Economic development mainly relies on resource exports or labor-intensive industries, facing problems such as environmental pollution, low industrial added value, and weak economic growth, making it difficult to achieve sustainable economic and social development and modernization transformation. For example, some Latin American countries reached middle-income levels in the last century, but decades have passed without breaking through the upper limit of middle-income, and even falling into the "middle-income trap", due to the low level of technological innovation, which cannot promote industrial transformation and upgrading, resulting in a lack of competitiveness in the industry. An economy must overcome the 'middle-income trap' in order to transition from a middle-income level to a high-income level, with the key being to overcome the 'middle-income technology trap'. To overcome the 'middle-income trap', China must achieve high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Party and the state attached great importance to the development of science and technology. From breaking the external nuclear threat and technological blockade with the "two bombs and one satellite", to successfully synthesizing crystalline bovine insulin and cultivating hybrid rice, to making significant breakthroughs in aerospace, 5G, high-speed rail and other fields in recent years, China has gradually improved its national strength and international status through technological progress. However, there is still a gap compared to developed Western countries. Specifically, there is a lack of original technology and a lack of technological creation from scratch; Mainly focused on application technology, many fields have not reached the world's leading level, and many core technologies and key components are highly dependent on external sources. For example, in the field of high-end chips, there is a certain gap between China's chip manufacturing technology and the international advanced level. The dependence on imports for high-end chips not only restricts the development of China's electronic information industry, but also poses potential risks to national security. In the fields of basic software such as operating systems and industrial software, there are also technical shortcomings and a high dependence on foreign products. In fields such as aviation engines and high-end medical equipment, it is also necessary to increase research and development investment and break through key core technologies. To promote Chinese path to modernization, we must unswervingly promote scientific and technological modernization, make great efforts to break through the "medium technology trap", and strive to achieve self-reliance and self-improvement in high-level science and technology. Accelerate to build the core engine of high-quality economic development on the basis of Chinese path to modernization with high-level science and technology. In the economic field, high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement are powerful supports for building a modern economic system. Currently, technology has become a key indicator for measuring a country's economic strength and competitiveness. Realizing high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement can break through key core technological bottlenecks, promote industrial upgrading and structural optimization. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing, and new energy are profoundly changing the production methods and business models of traditional industries. In the manufacturing industry, the application of digital and intelligent technologies has improved production efficiency and product quality, enhancing the market competitiveness of enterprises; In the field of agriculture, agricultural technological innovation has accelerated the process of agricultural modernization and ensured national food security. Through technological self-reliance and self-improvement, China is striving to seize a high-end position in the global industrial and supply chains, and enhance the economy's ability to resist risks and achieve sustainable development. An important guarantee to meet the needs of the people for a better life. The ultimate goal of technological development is to benefit the people. With the development of China's economy and society, people's longing for a better life has become stronger, and higher requirements have been put forward for education, healthcare, health, environment, and other aspects. In the field of healthcare, advances in medical technology have enabled effective treatment of many difficult illnesses, and remote medical technology has alleviated the problem of uneven distribution of medical resources. In the field of education, emerging models such as online education and artificial intelligence education have broken the limitations of time and space, providing more equitable and high-quality educational opportunities. In terms of environmental protection, technological innovation promotes the development of green technologies, which helps to achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. A solid backing for safeguarding national security and strategic interests. Against the backdrop of complex and ever-changing international situations and increasingly fierce global technological competition, China still faces the problem of "bottlenecks" in key core technology fields. Realizing high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement is the key to responding to external challenges, safeguarding national sovereignty and security. Advanced science and technology have enhanced military defense capabilities, with military high-tech such as precision guided weapons, stealth technology, and information-based combat systems changing the form and mode of modern warfare, and enhancing the country's deterrence and combat capabilities. Science and technology also play a crucial role in fields such as cybersecurity, biosecurity, and energy security. Mastering independent and controllable core technologies not only enables China to take the initiative in international competition, but also helps it play a greater role in global technology governance, enhance its international discourse power and influence. An important force driving comprehensive social progress. Science and technology have provided new means and methods for social governance. With the help of technologies such as big data, the Internet of Things, and blockchain, the government can achieve precise perception, efficient decision-making, and collaborative management of social affairs. Real time monitoring through big data analysis